arXiv:2509.17680cs.CL2025-09中稿 · ACL被引 11

针对复杂表格问答中的噪声问题,提出双去噪框架提升推理准确率。

When TableQA Meets Noise: A Dual Denoising Framework for Complex Questions and Large-scale Tables

  • 将问题分解为最小语义单元,基于一致性和可用性过滤无关内容。
  • 构建显式可解释的表格剪枝路径,逐步去除冗余数据。
  • 适合处理大规模复杂表格的问答任务,尤其在噪声环境下表现优异。

表格问答(TableQA)是自然语言处理中的基础任务。大语言模型(LLMs)的强大推理能力推动了该领域的显著进展。然而,随着真实应用场景中问题日益复杂、表格规模不断扩大,大量噪声数据被引入,严重降低推理性能。为此,本文聚焦于提升两大核心能力:相关性过滤(Relevance Filtering),即识别并保留与推理真正相关的信息;表格剪枝(Table Pruning),即在保留关键内容的前提下减少表规模。基于此,提出 EnoTab 双去噪框架。首先通过基于证据的问题去噪(Evidence-based Question Denoising),将问题分解为最小语义单元,并依据一致性与可用性标准过滤无关部分。其次提出基于证据树的表格去噪(Evidence Tree-guided Table Denoising),构建显式透明的剪枝路径,逐步移除无关数据。每一步剪枝后观察中间表状态,并采用后序节点回滚机制处理异常状态,最终生成高可靠性的子表用于最终答案推理。大量实验表明,EnoTab 在复杂问题与大规模表格的 TableQA 任务中表现卓越,验证了其有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Table question answering (TableQA) is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). The strong reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advances in this field. However, as real-world applications involve increasingly complex questions and larger tables, substantial noisy data is introduced, which severely degrades reasoning performance. To address this challenge, we focus on improving two core capabilities: Relevance Filtering, which identifies and retains information truly relevant to reasoning, and Table Pruning, which reduces table size while preserving essential content. Based on these principles, we propose EnoTab, a dual denoising framework for complex questions and large-scale tables. Specifically, we first perform Evidence-based Question Denoising by decomposing the question into minimal semantic units and filtering out those irrelevant to answer reasoning based on consistency and usability criteria. Then, we propose Evidence Tree-guided Table Denoising, which constructs an explicit and transparent table pruning path to remove irrelevant data step by step. At each pruning step, we observe the intermediate state of the table and apply a post-order node rollback mechanism to handle abnormal table states, ultimately producing a highly reliable sub-table for final answer reasoning. Finally, extensive experiments show that EnoTab achieves outstanding performance on TableQA tasks with complex questions and large-scale tables, confirming its effectiveness.

表格问答去噪大模型推理

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。