arXiv:2509.18229cs.AI2025-09

用多个GPT协作投票,提升机械分析问题求解的可靠性。

An N-Plus-1 GPT Agency for Critical Solution of Mechanical Engineering Analysis Problems

  • 启动N个GPT独立求解,再由一个比较器综合判断最优解。
  • 当单个GPT正确率超50%时,多数表决可使整体正确率达90%以上。
  • 适合教育场景,强调过程透明,便于学生理解思路。

生成式AI,特别是GPT,能解决机械工程分析问题,但有时会出错。例如,同一基础力学问题在不同GPT实例中,成功率为85%。这种不可靠性使其难以直接用于教育或工程实践。本文提出一种“N-Plus-1”GPT代理系统:先并行运行N个Agent Solve生成独立解,再通过Agent Compare对解进行比对与汇总,推荐最优解。基于康多塞陪审团定理,当单次求解正确率超过1/2且N足够大时,多数意见几乎必然正确。此外,该系统还能融合不同解释或建模方式下的备选解,增强鲁棒性。与Grok Heavy等商用多智能体模型相比,本系统更注重透明性与教学价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generative AI, and specifically GPT, can produce a remarkable solution to a mechanical engineering analysis problem - but also, on occasion, a flawed solution. For example, an elementary mechanics problem is solved flawlessly in one GPT instance and incorrectly in a subsequent GPT instance, with a success probability of only 85%. This unreliability renders "out-of-the-box" GPT unsuitable for deployment in education or engineering practice. We introduce an "N-Plus-1" GPT Agency for Initial (Low-Cost) Analysis of mechanical engineering Problem Statements. Agency first launches N instantiations of Agent Solve to yield N independent Proposed Problem Solution Realizations; Agency then invokes Agent Compare to summarize and compare the N Proposed Problem Solution Realizations and to provide a Recommended Problem Solution. We argue from Condorcet's Jury Theorem that, for a Problem Statement characterized by per-Solve success probability greater than 1/2 (and N sufficiently large), the Predominant (Agent Compare) Proposed Problem Solution will, with high probability, correspond to a Correct Proposed Problem Solution. Furthermore, Agent Compare can also incorporate aspects of Secondary (Agent Compare) Proposed Problem Solutions, in particular when the latter represent alternative Problem Statement interpretations - different Mathematical Models - or alternative Mathematical Solution Procedures. Comparisons to Grok Heavy, a commercial multi-agent model, show similarities in design and performance, but also important differences in emphasis: our Agency focuses on transparency and pedagogical value.

GPT代理机械工程多智能体可靠性

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