用多个不同预训练模型构建高效MoE,解决专家差异大导致性能下降问题。
Symphony-MoE: Harmonizing Disparate Pre-trained Models into a Coherent Mixture-of-Experts
- 通过分层融合与激活对齐,无训练整合异构预训练模型为专家
- 在多领域任务和分布外泛化上显著优于基线模型
- 适合需要高效、强泛化能力的大型语言模型部署场景
Mixture-of-Experts(MoE)模型通过稀疏激活大规模参数实现可扩展性能,同时控制计算开销。为降低从头训练MoE的高昂成本,现有方法采用‘升级’策略,即复用单个预训练密集模型的前馈网络(FFN)层作为专家。然而,这限制了专家多样性,因所有专家源自同一模型。本文提出Symphony-MoE,一种新型两阶段框架,将多个结构相同但参数各异的预训练模型(如Qwen2.5-Coder与Qwen2)的专家整合为统一的混合专家系统。关键挑战在于这些源模型位于参数空间中不连贯区域,直接升级易引发严重性能下降。为此,我们设计无训练阶段:通过层感知融合构建共享主干,并利用基于激活的功能对齐缓解专家间参数错位;随后通过后训练阶段协调整体架构。实验表明,该方法成功融合异源专家,在多领域任务和分布外泛化上显著超越基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable performance by activating large parameter sets sparsely, minimizing computational overhead. To mitigate the prohibitive cost of training MoEs from scratch, recent work employs upcycling, reusing a single pre-trained dense model by replicating its feed-forward network (FFN) layers into experts. However, this limits expert diversity, as all experts originate from a single pre-trained dense model. This paper addresses this limitation by constructing powerful MoE models using experts sourced from multiple identically-architected but disparate pre-trained models (e.g., Qwen2.5-Coder and Qwen2). A key challenge lies in the fact that these source models occupy disparate, dissonant regions of the parameter space, making direct upcycling prone to severe performance degradation. To overcome this, we propose Symphony-MoE, a novel two-stage framework designed to harmonize these models into a single, coherent expert mixture. First, we establish this harmony in a training-free manner: we construct a shared backbone via a layer-aware fusion strategy and, crucially, alleviate parameter misalignment among experts using activation-based functional alignment. Subsequently, a stage of post-training coordinates the entire architecture. Experiments demonstrate that our method successfully integrates experts from heterogeneous sources, achieving an MoE model that significantly surpasses baselines in multi-domain tasks and out-of-distribution generalization.
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