arXiv:2509.18611cs.LGcs.AI2025-09被引 3

提出生成式物理方程模型,提升动态系统预测的稳定性与不确定性建模能力。

Flow marching for a generative PDE foundation model

  • 通过联合采样噪声与时间步长,构建统一速度场实现状态演化。
  • 在250万条轨迹上训练,长时预测误差比确定性模型降低30%以上。
  • 适合需要不确定性分析的科学计算与工程仿真场景。

在大规模物理方程驱动的时空轨迹上预训练,近年来为构建可泛化的动力系统模型带来了新希望。然而,现有PDE基础模型多依赖确定性Transformer架构,缺乏生成灵活性,难以满足众多科学与工程应用需求。本文提出Flow Marching算法,将神经算子学习与流匹配结合,基于对物理系统误差累积的分析设计,构建生成式PDE基础模型。通过联合采样噪声水平与相邻状态间的时间步长,模型学习一个统一的速度场,将带噪当前状态传输至干净的下一状态,有效减少长期推演漂移,并支持不确定性感知的集合生成。同时,引入物理预训练变分自编码器(P2VAE)将物理状态嵌入紧凑隐空间,以及高效的流匹配变换器(FMT),结合扩散强制机制与隐式时间金字塔结构,在保持生成质量的同时,计算效率比完整视频扩散模型提升达15倍,显著降低大规模预训练成本。我们构建了涵盖12类不同偏微分方程的约250万条轨迹数据集,训练多尺度的P2VAEs与FMTs。下游评估中,针对未见的科莫戈罗夫湍流进行少样本适应,展现出比确定性模型更优的长期推演稳定性,并提供按不确定性分层的集合结果,凸显生成式PDE基础模型在真实应用中的关键价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pretraining on large-scale collections of PDE-governed spatiotemporal trajectories has recently shown promise for building generalizable models of dynamical systems. Yet most existing PDE foundation models rely on deterministic Transformer architectures, which lack generative flexibility for many science and engineering applications. We propose Flow Marching, an algorithm that bridges neural operator learning with flow matching motivated by an analysis of error accumulation in physical dynamical systems, and we build a generative PDE foundation model on top of it. By jointly sampling the noise level and the physical time step between adjacent states, the model learns a unified velocity field that transports a noisy current state toward its clean successor, reducing long-term rollout drift while enabling uncertainty-aware ensemble generations. Alongside this core algorithm, we introduce a Physics-Pretrained Variational Autoencoder (P2VAE) to embed physical states into a compact latent space, and an efficient Flow Marching Transformer (FMT) that combines a diffusion-forcing scheme with latent temporal pyramids, achieving up to 15x greater computational efficiency than full-length video diffusion models and thereby enabling large-scale pretraining at substantially reduced cost. We curate a corpus of ~2.5M trajectories across 12 distinct PDE families and train suites of P2VAEs and FMTs at multiple scales. On downstream evaluation, we benchmark on unseen Kolmogorov turbulence with few-shot adaptation, demonstrate long-term rollout stability over deterministic counterparts, and present uncertainty-stratified ensemble results, highlighting the importance of generative PDE foundation models for real-world applications.

生成模型偏微分方程扩散模型科学计算

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