arXiv:2509.18937cs.RO2025-09

用语言描述任务,AI自动生成适配的3D打印机械手

Lang2Morph: Language-Driven Morphological Design of Robotic Hands

  • 输入自然语言任务,用大模型转为可制造的结构参数
  • 生成的手型在多样性与任务匹配度上优于传统方法
  • 适合快速原型设计,无需专家经验或复杂仿真

为多样化操作任务设计机器人手部形态需平衡灵巧性、可制造性和任务特异性。现有开源框架和参数化工具虽支持可复现设计,但仍依赖专家经验与手动调参。基于优化的自动化方法通常计算成本高、依赖仿真,且极少用于灵巧手设计。大语言模型(LLMs)具备人类-物体交互的广泛知识和强大生成能力,可实现零样本设计推理。本文提出Lang2Morph,一种语言驱动的机器人手设计流程。该流程利用LLMs将自然语言任务描述转化为符号结构和OPH兼容参数,生成可3D打印的任务特定形态。流程包括:(i) 形态设计,将任务映射为语义标签、结构语法和OPH兼容参数;(ii) 选择与优化,基于语义对齐与尺寸兼容性评估候选设计,必要时进行LLM引导的细化。我们在多种任务上评估了Lang2Morph,结果表明其能生成多样且任务相关的形态。据我们所知,这是首个基于LLM的任务条件机器人手设计框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Designing robotic hand morphologies for diverse manipulation tasks requires balancing dexterity, manufacturability, and task-specific functionality. While open-source frameworks and parametric tools support reproducible design, they still rely on expert heuristics and manual tuning. Automated methods using optimization are often compute-intensive, simulation-dependent, and rarely target dexterous hands. Large language models (LLMs), with their broad knowledge of human-object interactions and strong generative capabilities, offer a promising alternative for zero-shot design reasoning. In this paper, we present Lang2Morph, a language-driven pipeline for robotic hand design. It uses LLMs to translate natural-language task descriptions into symbolic structures and OPH-compatible parameters, enabling 3D-printable task-specific morphologies. The pipeline consists of: (i) Morphology Design, which maps tasks into semantic tags, structural grammars, and OPH-compatible parameters; and (ii) Selection and Refinement, which evaluates design candidates based on semantic alignment and size compatibility, and optionally applies LLM-guided refinement when needed. We evaluate Lang2Morph across varied tasks, and results show that our approach can generate diverse, task-relevant morphologies. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop an LLM-based framework for task-conditioned robotic hand design.

机器人手语言模型3D打印

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