arXiv:2509.18947quant-phcs.CV2025-09

用量子随机生成磁性斯格明子纹理,探索其作为量子比特的新可能。

Quantum Random Synthetic Skyrmion Texture Generation, a Qiskit Simulation

  • 利用量子计算模拟生成多种拓扑斯格明子结构
  • 成功生成数百种不同类型的斯格明子纹理
  • 为基于量子随机性的斯格明子研究提供新方向

斯格明子是磁性材料中具有非平凡拓扑特性的自旋构型,其整数卷绕数(即拓扑荷)是核心特征。在交换作用、各向异性、达利施-莫里亚相互作用或几何阻挫等竞争相互作用下,二维平滑自旋构型可稳定形成纳米尺度的斯格明子,尺寸通常为几到几十纳米。由于其拓扑保护,这些结构表现出类粒子特性,且能量壁垒与其拓扑相关。通过利用其螺旋性(自旋旋转角度或内部模式)作为两能级系统,斯格明子可作为量子比特(即‘斯格明子量子比特’),其两个低能本征态——对称或反对称的相反螺旋叠加态——构成量子比特基态。尽管斯格明子量子比特具备宏观性和拓扑保护性,但仍受外部因素影响。当纹理极小且分离时,其螺旋角会量子化。本文探究了是否可通过量子计算合成斯格明子纹理,并成功生成数百种不同类型结构,样本对比揭示了基于量子随机性及其他标准的新型研究路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

An integer winding, i.e., topological charge, is a characteristic of skyrmions, which are topologically nontrivial spin patterns in magnets. They emerge when smooth two-dimensional spin configurations are stabilized by conflicting interactions such as exchange, anisotropy, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, or geometric frustration. These nanoscale textures, which are typically a few to tens of nanometers in size, are strong 'particle-like' excitations because they are shielded by energy barriers connected to their topology. By exploiting their helicity, i.e., spin rotation angle or associated internal modes, as a two-level system, skyrmions can function as quantum bits or qubits. Two quantized helicity states of a nanometer-scale skyrmion encode the logical value states in a 'skyrmion qubit.' Interestingly, skyrmion qubits are topologically protected and macroscopic, i.e., they involve a large number of spins; however, external influences can still affect them. When the texture is tiny and disconnected, the helicity angle of the skyrmion becomes quantized. A qubit basis is made up of the lowest two energy eigenstates, i.e., symmetric or antisymmetric superpositions of opposite helicity, for example. Therefore, Skyrmion textures can provide valuable insights for different purposes. However, is it possible to synthetically generate skyrmion textures using quantum computing? This paper investigates the possibility and generates a few hundred different textures, producing sample comparisons from various types, which indicate a novel direction for skyrmion-based research based on quantum randomness and other criteria.

量子计算斯格明子拓扑材料量子随机

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