arXiv:2509.18980cs.AIcs.HC2025-09

用大模型将可解释推荐系统的隐含因子转为自然语言解释,用户实证效果良好。

From latent factors to language: a user study on LLM-generated explanations for an inherently interpretable matrix-based recommender system

  • 基于约束矩阵分解的推荐模型,用户类型与评分可直接解读
  • 326名用户评估显示不同解释策略效果相近,整体满意度高
  • 强调用户真实反馈,突破传统自动指标局限,适合可解释推荐研究者

我们研究大语言模型(LLMs)能否从数学上可解释的推荐模型中生成有效的用户端解释。该模型基于约束矩阵分解,显式表示用户类型,且预测评分与实际评分同量纲,使内部表征和预测结果具有直接可解释性。通过精心设计的LLM提示,将模型结构转化为自然语言解释。许多可解释AI研究依赖自动评估指标,但往往无法反映用户的实际需求与感知。为此,我们采用以用户为中心的方法:对326名参与者开展研究,从透明度、有效性、说服力、信任度和满意度五个维度评估解释质量,以及推荐本身。我们从同一基础模型生成多种解释类型,仅改变输入给LLM的信息内容,以评估不同策略的感知差异。分析表明,所有解释类型普遍受好评,策略间统计差异较小。用户评论进一步揭示了对各类解释的真实反应,提供了量化结果之外的补充洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can generate effective, user-facing explanations from a mathematically interpretable recommendation model. The model is based on constrained matrix factorization, where user types are explicitly represented and predicted item scores share the same scale as observed ratings, making the model's internal representations and predicted scores directly interpretable. This structure is translated into natural language explanations using carefully designed LLM prompts. Many works in explainable AI rely on automatic evaluation metrics, which often fail to capture users' actual needs and perceptions. In contrast, we adopt a user-centered approach: we conduct a study with 326 participants who assessed the quality of the explanations across five key dimensions-transparency, effectiveness, persuasion, trust, and satisfaction-as well as the recommendations themselves. To evaluate how different explanation strategies are perceived, we generate multiple explanation types from the same underlying model, varying the input information provided to the LLM. Our analysis reveals that all explanation types are generally well received, with moderate statistical differences between strategies. User comments further underscore how participants react to each type of explanation, offering complementary insights beyond the quantitative results.

可解释推荐大模型生成用户研究矩阵分解

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