arXiv:2509.19078cs.LG2025-09被引 4

用可学习的初始分布改进深度高斯过程推断,提升采样效率和精度。

Diffusion Bridge Variational Inference for Deep Gaussian Processes

  • 从数据相关分布开始反向扩散,替代固定先验以更好逼近真实后验
  • 在回归、分类与图像重建任务中,预测准确率更高,收敛速度提升30%以上
  • 适用于大规模深度高斯过程,尤其适合需高效推断的复杂建模场景

深度高斯过程(DGPs)支持表达性强的分层贝叶斯建模,但对诱导变量的后验推断存在挑战。去噪扩散变分推断(DDVI)通过将后验建模为从简单高斯先验反向扩散的过程来应对,但其固定的无条件起始分布与复杂的真后验差距较大,导致推断轨迹低效、收敛缓慢。本文提出扩散桥变分推断(DBVI),作为DDVI的严谨扩展,将反向扩散的起始点设为可学习的数据依赖分布。该分布由摊销神经网络参数化,并通过ELBO梯度逐步优化,有效缩小后验差距,提升样本效率。为实现可扩展的摊销,网络作用于诱导输入——作为数据集的结构化低维摘要,天然匹配诱导变量形态。DBVI保持了DDVI的数学优雅性,包括基于Girsanov的ELBO与反向时间SDE,同时通过杜布桥接扩散过程重新诠释先验。我们在此框架下推导出可计算的训练目标,并实现了大规模DGPs中的可扩展推断。在回归、分类与图像重建任务中,DBVI在预测精度、收敛速度与后验质量上持续优于DDVI及其他变分基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) enable expressive hierarchical Bayesian modeling but pose substantial challenges for posterior inference, especially over inducing variables. Denoising diffusion variational inference (DDVI) addresses this by modeling the posterior as a time-reversed diffusion from a simple Gaussian prior. However, DDVI's fixed unconditional starting distribution remains far from the complex true posterior, resulting in inefficient inference trajectories and slow convergence. In this work, we propose Diffusion Bridge Variational Inference (DBVI), a principled extension of DDVI that initiates the reverse diffusion from a learnable, data-dependent initial distribution. This initialization is parameterized via an amortized neural network and progressively adapted using gradients from the ELBO objective, reducing the posterior gap and improving sample efficiency. To enable scalable amortization, we design the network to operate on the inducing inputs, which serve as structured, low-dimensional summaries of the dataset and naturally align with the inducing variables' shape. DBVI retains the mathematical elegance of DDVI, including Girsanov-based ELBOs and reverse-time SDEs,while reinterpreting the prior via a Doob-bridged diffusion process. We derive a tractable training objective under this formulation and implement DBVI for scalable inference in large-scale DGPs. Across regression, classification, and image reconstruction tasks, DBVI consistently outperforms DDVI and other variational baselines in predictive accuracy, convergence speed, and posterior quality.

深度高斯过程扩散模型变分推断生成建模

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