arXiv:2509.19335eess.SPcs.AI2025-09被引 1

用单基站信道状态信息实现高精度散射体定位,兼容现有通信系统。

CSIYOLO: An Intelligent CSI-based Scatter Sensing Framework for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

  • 将散射参数检测转化为图像目标检测问题,采用YOLO式结构
  • 在10个散射体、10%估计误差下定位误差低于0.8米
  • 无需改动通信波形,可作为插件部署于现成系统

ISAC被视为下一代通信系统的关键技术,支持数据传输与目标感知的同步。其中,散射体感知对于发挥ISAC潜力至关重要,广泛应用于自动驾驶和低空经济等领域。然而,现有方法多依赖波形或硬件改造,或采用传统信号处理,导致与现有通信系统兼容性差且感知精度有限。为此,本文提出CSIYOLO框架,仅利用单基站-用户设备对的估计信道状态信息(CSI),实现散射体定位。该框架包含两个核心模块:基于锚点的散射参数检测与基于CSI的定位算法。首先,将散射参数提取建模为图像检测任务,提出受YOLO启发的锚点检测方法;随后,基于提取参数推导出散射体定位算法。为进一步提升定位精度与实现效率,设计了面向任务优化的可扩展网络结构,支持多尺度锚点检测并更好适配CSI特性。此外,引入噪声注入训练策略,增强对信道估计误差的鲁棒性。由于该框架仅依赖估计的CSI,不修改波形或信号处理流程,可无缝集成至现有通信系统中作为插件。实验表明,在散射体数量变化及10%估计误差条件下,本方法显著优于现有方法,同时保持较低计算复杂度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

ISAC is regarded as a promising technology for next-generation communication systems, enabling simultaneous data transmission and target sensing. Among various tasks in ISAC, scatter sensing plays a crucial role in exploiting the full potential of ISAC and supporting applications such as autonomous driving and low-altitude economy. However, most existing methods rely on either waveform and hardware modifications or traditional signal processing schemes, leading to poor compatibility with current communication systems and limited sensing accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose CSIYOLO, a framework that performs scatter localization only using estimated CSI from a single base station-user equipment pair. This framework comprises two main components: anchor-based scatter parameter detection and CSI-based scatter localization. First, by formulating scatter parameter extraction as an image detection problem, we propose an anchor-based scatter parameter detection method inspired by You Only Look Once architectures. After that, a CSI-based localization algorithm is derived to determine scatter locations with extracted parameters. Moreover, to improve localization accuracy and implementation efficiency, we design an extendable network structure with task-oriented optimizations, enabling multi-scale anchor detection and better adaptation to CSI characteristics. A noise injection training strategy is further designed to enhance robustness against channel estimation errors. Since the proposed framework operates solely on estimated CSI without modifying waveforms or signal processing pipelines, it can be seamlessly integrated into existing communication systems as a plugin. Experiments show that our proposed method can significantly outperform existing methods in scatter localization accuracy with relatively low complexities under varying numbers of scatters and estimation errors.

ISAC散射感知信道状态信息定位

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