arXiv:2509.19657cs.CLcs.AI2025-09被引 1

用大模型预测行人过街时司机是否让行,提升城市交通安全。

Large Language Models for Pedestrian Safety: An Application to Predicting Driver Yielding Behavior at Unsignalized Intersections

  • 设计特定提示词融合领域知识与结构化推理,增强模型对复杂交互的理解。
  • GPT-4o在准确率和召回率上最优,Deepseek-V3在精确率上表现最佳。
  • 适合交通系统优化、智能驾驶研发及城市安全研究者参考。

行人安全是城市交通的关键环节,受人车交互行为影响显著。传统机器学习模型因依赖固定特征表示和可解释性差,难以捕捉交叉口处人车互动的复杂性与情境依赖性。大语言模型(LLMs)具备从异构交通数据中提取模式的能力,更适合建模此类多因素交互。本文提出一种结合领域知识、结构化推理与少样本提示的新颖提示设计方法,利用多模态LLM实现对司机让行行为的可解释、情境感知建模。在多个主流分类器对比实验中,GPT-4o始终表现最优,兼具高准确率与召回率;Deepseek-V3则在精确率方面领先。结果揭示了模型性能与计算效率之间的权衡关系,为实际部署提供实用指导。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pedestrian safety is a critical component of urban mobility and is strongly influenced by the interactions between pedestrian decision-making and driver yielding behavior at crosswalks. Modeling driver--pedestrian interactions at intersections requires accurately capturing the complexity of these behaviors. Traditional machine learning models often struggle to capture the nuanced and context-dependent reasoning required for these multifactorial interactions, due to their reliance on fixed feature representations and limited interpretability. In contrast, large language models (LLMs) are suited for extracting patterns from heterogeneous traffic data, enabling accurate modeling of driver-pedestrian interactions. Therefore, this paper leverages multimodal LLMs through a novel prompt design that incorporates domain-specific knowledge, structured reasoning, and few-shot prompting, enabling interpretable and context-aware inference of driver yielding behavior, as an example application of modeling pedestrian--driver interaction. We benchmarked state-of-the-art LLMs against traditional classifiers, finding that GPT-4o consistently achieves the highest accuracy and recall, while Deepseek-V3 excels in precision. These findings highlight the critical trade-offs between model performance and computational efficiency, offering practical guidance for deploying LLMs in real-world pedestrian safety systems.

行人安全大模型交通预测

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