arXiv:2509.19753cs.CVcs.AI2025-09

提出新型角度损失函数,让人脸识别更抗噪声、精度更高。

ExpFace: Exponential Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition

  • 用指数角间距惩罚机制,中心样本受更大约束
  • 在多个数据集上达到最优识别率,最高提升1.2%
  • 适合需要高鲁棒性的实际人脸识别场景

人脸识别是开放集问题,需强区分能力以确保类内距离小于类间距离。基于边距的Softmax损失(如SphereFace、CosFace、ArcFace)虽广泛用于增强类内紧凑性和类间分离性,但忽略了噪声样本的影响。通过分析角度空间中样本分布,发现干净样本集中于中心区域,而噪声样本趋向外围。为此,我们提出指数角间距损失(ExpFace),引入角指数项作为边距,使角度空间中中心区域惩罚更大、外围区域惩罚更小,从而强化干净样本、抑制噪声样本。我们从边距嵌入形式、相似度曲线和梯度曲线统一分析ExpFace与经典方法的关系,表明ExpFace既避免了SphereFace的训练不稳定性,也克服了ArcFace的非单调性,且其相似度曲线在角度空间中与决策边界惩罚方式一致。大量实验显示,ExpFace实现当前最优性能。为促进后续研究,代码已公开于:https://github.com/dfr-code/ExpFace。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Face recognition is an open-set problem requiring high discriminative power to ensure that intra-class distances remain smaller than inter-class distances. Margin-based softmax losses, such as SphereFace, CosFace, and ArcFace, have been widely adopted to enhance intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, yet they overlook the impact of noisy samples. By examining the distribution of samples in the angular space, we observe that clean samples predominantly cluster in the center region, whereas noisy samples tend to shift toward the peripheral region. Motivated by this observation, we propose the Exponential Angular Margin Loss (ExpFace), which introduces an angular exponential term as the margin. This design applies a larger penalty in the center region and a smaller penalty in the peripheral region within the angular space, thereby emphasizing clean samples while suppressing noisy samples. We present a unified analysis of ExpFace and classical margin-based softmax losses in terms of margin embedding forms, similarity curves, and gradient curves, showing that ExpFace not only avoids the training instability of SphereFace and the non-monotonicity of ArcFace, but also exhibits a similarity curve that applies penalties in the same manner as the decision boundary in the angular space. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ExpFace achieves state-of-the-art performance. To facilitate future research, we have released the source code at: https://github.com/dfr-code/ExpFace.

人脸识别损失函数角间距鲁棒性

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