arXiv:2509.19767cs.IRcs.AI2025-09被引 2

让属性过滤与向量搜索协同优化,提升混合查询的效率与准确率。

FusedANN: Convexified Hybrid ANN via Attribute-Vector Fusion

  • 将属性过滤转为连续惩罚项,通过可凸化的融合空间统一处理
  • 在标准基准上实现最高3倍吞吐量,召回率优于现有系统
  • 适合需要动态、高并发混合检索的生产级NLP/ML应用

向量搜索支撑着大模型技术,但实际应用中需支持结合向量相似性与属性筛选的混合查询(如“类别X中2023年的最高文档”)。现有方法在召回率、速度和灵活性间权衡,依赖难以扩展的索引技巧。我们提出FusedANN(融合属性-向量近邻),一个几何框架,将过滤条件提升为近似最近邻优化约束,并通过类似拉格朗日松弛的方式构建凸融合空间。该方法通过Transformer实现属性与向量的联合嵌入,将硬过滤转为连续加权惩罚,保留top-k语义的同时支持高效近似搜索。理论上,FusedANN在高选择性下退化为精确过滤,当无精确匹配时优雅退化为语义最相近属性,且保持下游ANN的α-近似保证。实验表明,FusedANN消除脆弱的过滤阶段,显著提升查询吞吐量,在标准混合基准上实现更优的召回-延迟权衡,相比顶尖混合与图基系统,吞吐量最高提升3倍,召回表现更优。理论层面,我们提供明确误差界与参数选择规则,使FusedANN可落地于生产环境。这建立了一个原则性强、可扩展、可验证的符号约束与向量相似性之间的桥梁,开启新一代过滤型检索系统的新范式,适用于大规模、混合、动态的NLP/ML工作负载。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Vector search powers transformers technology, but real-world use demands hybrid queries that combine vector similarity with attribute filters (e.g., "top document in category X, from 2023"). Current solutions trade off recall, speed, and flexibility, relying on fragile index hacks that don't scale. We introduce FusedANN (Fused Attribute-Vector Nearest Neighbor), a geometric framework that elevates filtering to ANN optimization constraints and introduces a convex fused space via a Lagrangian-like relaxation. Our method jointly embeds attributes and vectors through transformer-based convexification, turning hard filters into continuous, weighted penalties that preserve top-k semantics while enabling efficient approximate search. We prove that FusedANN reduces to exact filtering under high selectivity, gracefully relaxes to semantically nearest attributes when exact matches are insufficient, and preserves downstream ANN alpha-approximation guarantees. Empirically, FusedANN improves query throughput by eliminating brittle filtering stages, achieving superior recall-latency tradeoffs on standard hybrid benchmarks without specialized index hacks, delivering up to 3 times higher throughput and better recall than state-of-the-art hybrid and graph-based systems. Theoretically, we provide explicit error bounds and parameter selection rules that make FusedANN practical for production. This establishes a principled, scalable, and verifiable bridge between symbolic constraints and vector similarity, unlocking a new generation of filtered retrieval systems for large, hybrid, and dynamic NLP/ML workloads.

向量搜索混合查询可扩展性近似最近邻

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