arXiv:2509.19789cs.LGcs.AI2025-09

让自动驾驶只关注关键交通参与者,提升效率。

RDAR: Reward-Driven Agent Relevance Estimation for Autonomous Driving

  • 将注意力机制建模为马尔可夫决策过程,动态判断每个交通参与者是否重要。
  • 在保持驾驶表现相近的前提下,处理的车辆数量减少60%以上。
  • 适合需要高效推理的自动驾驶系统部署,尤其对算力敏感场景。

人类驾驶员在任意时刻仅关注少数交通参与者,而当前自动驾驶系统需处理大量对象,无论其是否相关。尽管注意力机制能隐式筛选输入,但现有方法在捕捉交互时呈二次复杂度,计算开销大。本文提出RDAR,通过学习每个代理对控制车辆行为的影响程度(即相关性),识别可从预训练行为模型输入中剔除的代理。我们将掩码过程建模为马尔可夫决策过程,动作是二值掩码,表示是否保留该代理。在大规模驾驶数据集上评估显示,RDAR能够学习到准确的相关性数值,在整体进展、安全性和性能与最先进模型相当的同时,显著减少处理的代理数量(降低60%以上)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Human drivers focus only on a handful of agents at any one time. On the other hand, autonomous driving systems process complex scenes with numerous agents, regardless of whether they are pedestrians on a crosswalk or vehicles parked on the side of the road. While attention mechanisms offer an implicit way to reduce the input to the elements that affect decisions, existing attention mechanisms for capturing agent interactions are quadratic, and generally computationally expensive. We propose RDAR, a strategy to learn per-agent relevance -- how much each agent influences the behavior of the controlled vehicle -- by identifying which agents can be excluded from the input to a pre-trained behavior model. We formulate the masking procedure as a Markov Decision Process where the action consists of a binary mask indicating agent selection. We evaluate RDAR on a large-scale driving dataset, and demonstrate its ability to learn an accurate numerical measure of relevance by achieving comparable driving performance, in terms of overall progress, safety and performance, while processing significantly fewer agents compared to a state of the art behavior model.

自动驾驶注意力机制高效推理

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