arXiv:2509.20134cs.IRcs.LG2025-09

通过特征化推荐算法本身,提升个性化算法选择的精准度。

Intelligent Algorithm Selection for Recommender Systems: Meta-Learning via in-depth algorithm feature engineering

  • 构建算法多维度特征集,显式刻画算法差异
  • 融合算法特征后Top-1准确率提升16.1%,但整体性能未增
  • 用户特征对算法选择影响远超算法自身特征

“没有免费的午餐”定理表明,没有一种推荐算法适用于所有用户,导致显著的算法选择问题。标准元学习方法通过用户特征选择算法,但将不同算法视为等价的“黑箱”。本文通过深入的算法特征工程,克服这一局限,整合静态代码指标、抽象语法树属性、行为性能基准与高层概念特征。在五个数据集上对比两种元学习器:仅使用用户特征的基线模型,以及同时使用用户与算法特征的改进模型。结果显示,加入算法特征的元学习器平均NDCG@10达0.143,较单一最佳算法基线(0.128)提升11.7%,具有统计显著性。然而,相较于仅用用户特征的元学习器(0.144),整体NDCG@10并未提升。虽然算法特征使Top-1选择准确率提高16.1%,但导致Top-3准确率下降10.7%。结论表明,在推荐系统中为用户选择算法的任务中,用户特征的预测能力占绝对主导地位。算法特征虽能提升选择精度,但释放其提升整体性能的潜力仍是重大挑战。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The "No Free Lunch" theorem dictates that no single recommender algorithm is optimal for all users, creating a significant Algorithm Selection Problem. Standard meta-learning approaches aim to solve this by selecting an algorithm based on user features, but treat the fundamentally diverse algorithms themselves as equivalent, "black-box" choices. This thesis investigates the impact of overcoming this limitation by engineering a comprehensive feature set to explicitly characterize the algorithms themselves. We combine static code metrics, Abstract Syntax Tree properties, behavioral performance landmarks, and high-level conceptual features. We evaluate two meta-learners across five datasets: a baseline using only user features and our proposed model using both user and algorithm features. Our results show that the meta-learner augmented with algorithm features achieves an average NDCG@10 of 0.143, a statistically significant improvement of 11.7% over the Single Best Algorithm baseline (0.128). However, we found that the inclusion of algorithm features did not lead to an improvement in overall NDCG@10 over the meta learner using only user features (0.144). While adding algorithm features to the meta-learner did improve its Top-1 selection accuracy (+16.1%), this was counterbalanced by leading to a lower Top-3 accuracy (-10.7%). We conclude that for the per-user algorithm selection task in recommender systems, the predictive power of user features is overwhelmingly dominant. While algorithm features improve selection precision, unlocking their potential to boost overall performance remains a non-trivial challenge.

算法选择元学习推荐系统特征工程

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