让多个AI智能体按能力动态协作,提升复杂任务处理效率。
Federation of Agents: A Semantics-Aware Communication Fabric for Large-Scale Agentic AI
- 用语义向量表示智能体能力,支持按需匹配与搜索。
- 在HealthBench上比单模型快13倍,尤其擅长多视角复杂推理。
- 适合构建大规模异构智能体协作系统的研究者与开发者。
我们提出Federation of Agents(FoA),一种分布式编排框架,将静态的多智能体协调转化为动态的能力驱动协作。FoA引入版本化能力向量(VCVs):机器可读的能力档案,通过语义嵌入实现能力的可搜索性,使智能体能声明自身能力、成本与限制。系统融合三项核心创新:(1) 语义路由,在分片的HNSW索引上匹配任务与智能体,并通过成本偏差优化施加操作约束;(2) 动态任务分解,兼容智能体通过共识合并,将复杂任务拆解为有向无环图(DAG)子任务;(3) 智能聚类,将执行相似子任务的智能体分组至协作通道,进行多轮精炼后再合成。基于MQTT的发布-订阅机制实现可扩展消息传递,通过层级能力匹配与高效索引维护达成次线性复杂度。在HealthBench上的评估显示,相比单模型基线提升13倍,聚类增强协作对需要多视角推理的复杂任务尤为有效。系统支持水平扩展且性能稳定,表明语义编排与结构化协作可释放异构智能体联邦的集体智能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present Federation of Agents (FoA), a distributed orchestration framework that transforms static multi-agent coordination into dynamic, capability-driven collaboration. FoA introduces Versioned Capability Vectors (VCVs): machine-readable profiles that make agent capabilities searchable through semantic embeddings, enabling agents to advertise their capabilities, cost, and limitations. Our aarchitecturecombines three key innovations: (1) semantic routing that matches tasks to agents over sharded HNSW indices while enforcing operational constraints through cost-biased optimization, (2) dynamic task decomposition where compatible agents collaboratively break down complex tasks into DAGs of subtasks through consensus-based merging, and (3) smart clustering that groups agents working on similar subtasks into collaborative channels for k-round refinement before synthesis. Built on top of MQTT,s publish-subscribe semantics for scalable message passing, FoA achieves sub-linear complexity through hierarchical capability matching and efficient index maintenance. Evaluation on HealthBench shows 13x improvements over single-model baselines, with clustering-enhanced laboration particularly effective for complex reasoning tasks requiring multiple perspectives. The system scales horizontally while maintaining consistent performance, demonstrating that semantic orchestration with structured collaboration can unlock the collective intelligence of heterogeneous federations of AI agents.
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