为古老复杂的埃塞俄比亚语言格兹语设计规则化形态生成器
Morphological Synthesizer for Ge'ez Language: Addressing Morphological Complexity and Resource Limitations
- 基于规则构建形态合成系统，从词根生成表面词形
- 在1102个动词样本上达到97.4%准确率，优于基线模型
- 适合研究非洲语言、历史文献数字化及低资源语言NLP
格兹语是一种古老的闪米特语系语言，以其独特字母表著称，是提格雷尼亚语和阿姆哈拉语等语言的书写基础，在阿克苏姆王国时期对埃塞俄比亚和厄立特里亚的文化与宗教发展起关键作用。至今仍是两国重要的礼拜用语，大量国家身份文献以格兹语记录，是研究其哲学、创造力与文明的核心原始资料。该语言具有复杂的形态结构，包含丰富的屈折与派生形态，但因缺乏标注语言数据、语料库、标注数据集和词典，此前尚未有可用的自然语言处理系统。为此，本文提出一种基于规则的格兹语形态合成器，可根据语言形态结构从词根生成表面词形。我们使用1,102个代表所有动词形态结构的样本进行测试评估，系统性能达97.4%，优于基线模型，表明未来工作应构建更全面的考虑形态变异的系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ge'ez is an ancient Semitic language renowned for its unique alphabet. It serves as the script for numerous languages, including Tigrinya and Amharic, and played a pivotal role in Ethiopia's cultural and religious development during the Aksumite kingdom era. Ge'ez remains significant as a liturgical language in Ethiopia and Eritrea, with much of the national identity documentation recorded in Ge'ez. These written materials are invaluable primary sources for studying Ethiopian and Eritrean philosophy, creativity, knowledge, and civilization. Ge'ez has a complex morphological structure with rich inflectional and derivational morphology, and no usable NLP has been developed and published until now due to the scarcity of annotated linguistic data, corpora, labeled datasets, and lexicons. Therefore, we propose a rule-based Ge'ez morphological synthesizer to generate surface words from root words according to the morphological structures of the language. We used 1,102 sample verbs, representing all verb morphological structures, to test and evaluate the system. The system achieves a performance of 97.4%, outperforming the baseline model and suggesting that future work should build a comprehensive system considering morphological variations of the language. Keywords: Ge'ez, NLP, morphology, morphological synthesizer, rule-based
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