arXiv:2509.20508stat.MLcs.LG2025-09中稿 · ICLR被引 5

用切片 Wasserstein 距离预测真实距离,大幅提速且精度更高。

Fast Estimation of Wasserstein Distances via Regression on Sliced Wasserstein Distances

  • 通过线性回归将真实 Wasserstein 距离与切片距离关联,实现快速估算。
  • 在少量样本下即可训练出高精度模型,对低数据场景尤其有效。
  • 适用于需要频繁计算距离的场景,如点云分析、单细胞测序等。

针对从元分布中抽取的多组分布对,高效计算 Wasserstein 距离的问题,本文提出一种基于回归的方法:以标准切片 Wasserstein(SW)距离(提供下界)和提升版 SW 距离(提供上界)作为预测变量,构建线性模型估计真实 Wasserstein 距离。设计了两种模型:无约束模型有闭式最小二乘解,约束模型参数量减半。实验表明,仅需少量分布对即可学习到高精度模型。模型建立后,可通过线性组合 SW 距离快速预测任意分布对的 Wasserstein 距离。在高斯混合、点云分类及三维点云 Wasserstein 空间可视化等任务中验证,涵盖 MNIST 点云、ShapeNetV2、MERFISH Cell Niches、scRNA-seq 等数据集,本方法在低数据条件下优于当前最优的 Wasserstein Wormhole 模型。此外,该估计算法可加速 Wormhole 训练,形成 RG-Wormhole。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We address the problem of efficiently computing Wasserstein distances for multiple pairs of distributions drawn from a meta-distribution. To this end, we propose a fast estimation method based on regressing Wasserstein distance on sliced Wasserstein (SW) distances. Specifically, we leverage both standard SW distances, which provide lower bounds, and lifted SW distances, which provide upper bounds, as predictors of the true Wasserstein distance. To ensure parsimony, we introduce two linear models: an unconstrained model with a closed-form least-squares solution, and a constrained model that uses only half as many parameters. We show that accurate models can be learned from a small number of distribution pairs. Once estimated, the model can predict the Wasserstein distance for any pair of distributions via a linear combination of SW distances, making it highly efficient. Empirically, we validate our approach on diverse tasks, including Gaussian mixtures, point-cloud classification, and Wasserstein-space visualizations for 3D point clouds. Across various datasets such as MNIST point clouds, ShapeNetV2, MERFISH Cell Niches, and scRNA-seq, our method consistently provides a better approximation of Wasserstein distance than the state-of-the-art Wasserstein embedding model, Wasserstein Wormhole, particularly in low-data regimes. Finally, we demonstrate that our estimator can also accelerate Wormhole training, yielding \textit{RG-Wormhole}.

Wasserstein距离估计点云分析低数据

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