让四足机器人在楼梯上推物清路,即使物体被遮挡也能准确定位。
Action-Informed Estimation and Planning: Clearing Clutter on Staircases via Quadrupedal Pedipulation
- 用腿部触觉和位置反馈预测被遮挡物体的移动
- 推物后仍能准确重检物体,成功率达92%
- 适合需要物理交互的复杂环境导航任务
为使机器人在密集杂物环境中自主运行,必须推理并可能与障碍物进行物理交互以清理路径。在如堆满杂物的楼梯等挑战性地形上安全清障,需精确控制交互行为。例如,四足机器人用一条腿推物的同时,其余三条腿保持稳定姿态。然而,这种单腿推物的紧密耦合动作会引入新约束,难以在设计时预判。本文提出一种感知-行动紧密耦合框架,解决机器人推物时因肢体遮挡导致传感器无法观测物体的问题。核心是交互感知状态估计循环,利用足部接触与腿位的本体感觉反馈,预测推物过程中的物体位移,从而指导感知系统在交互后重新检测物体,实现动作与感知的闭环。该反馈机制使机器人可从物理结果中学习,若推不动则判定物体不可移动。我们在波士顿动力Spot机器人上验证,相比开环基线,本方法在楼梯推物任务中成功率更高,跟踪精度显著提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
For robots to operate autonomously in densely cluttered environments, they must reason about and potentially physically interact with obstacles to clear a path. Safely clearing a path on challenging terrain, such as a cluttered staircase, requires controlled interaction. For example, a quadrupedal robot that pushes objects out of the way with one leg while maintaining a stable stance with its three other legs. However, tightly coupled physical actions, such as one-legged pushing, create new constraints on the system that can be difficult to predict at design time. In this work, we present a new method that addresses one such constraint, wherein the object being pushed by a quadrupedal robot with one of its legs becomes occluded from the robot's sensors during manipulation. To address this challenge, we present a tightly coupled perception-action framework that enables the robot to perceive clutter, reason about feasible push paths, and execute the clearing maneuver. Our core contribution is an interaction-aware state estimation loop that uses proprioceptive feedback regarding foot contact and leg position to predict an object's displacement during the occlusion. This prediction guides the perception system to robustly re-detect the object after the interaction, closing the loop between action and sensing to enable accurate tracking even after partial pushes. Using this feedback allows the robot to learn from physical outcomes, reclassifying an object as immovable if a push fails due to it being too heavy. We present results of implementing our approach on a Boston Dynamics Spot robot that show our interaction-aware approach achieves higher task success rates and tracking accuracy in pushing objects on stairs compared to open-loop baselines.
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