arXiv:2509.20712cs.LGcs.CL2025-09ACL被引 23

改进强化学习中的熵控制,让模型更好平衡探索与利用。

CE-GPPO: Coordinating Entropy via Gradient-Preserving Clipping Policy Optimization in Reinforcement Learning

  • 通过保留被裁剪令牌的梯度,动态调节策略熵。
  • 在数学推理任务上优于现有方法,且对不同规模模型均有效。
  • 适合需要稳定训练和高效探索的大型语言模型优化场景。

强化学习已成为优化大语言模型以处理复杂推理任务的强大范式。其核心挑战在于管理策略熵,反映训练中探索与利用的平衡。现有方法如近端策略优化(PPO)及其变体因裁剪机制丢弃低概率令牌的梯度信号。我们系统分析熵动态,揭示这些被裁剪的令牌在调控熵演化中起关键作用。提出新型算法CE-GPPO,以温和且受限的方式重新引入原PPO中被裁剪的梯度。通过控制裁剪区间外令牌的梯度大小,实现探索-利用权衡。理论与实证表明,CE-GPPO有效缓解熵不稳定性。在数学推理基准上的大量实验显示,其在不同模型规模下持续优于强基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful paradigm for optimizing large language models (LLMs) to handle complex reasoning tasks. A core challenge in this process lies in managing policy entropy, which reflects the balance between exploration and exploitation during training. Existing methods, such as proximal policy optimization (PPO) and its variants, discard valuable gradient signals from low-probability tokens due to the clipping mechanism. We systematically analyze the entropy dynamics and reveal that these clipped tokens play a critical yet overlooked role in regulating entropy evolution. We propose \textbf{C}oordinating \textbf{E}ntropy via \textbf{G}radient-\textbf{P}reserving \textbf{P}olicy \textbf{O}ptimization (CE-GPPO), a novel algorithm that reintroduces gradients from clipped tokens in native PPO in a gentle and bounded manner. By controlling the magnitude of gradients from tokens outside the clipping interval, CE-GPPO is able to achieve an exploration-exploitation trade-off. We provide theoretical justification and empirical evidence showing that CE-GPPO effectively mitigates entropy instability. Extensive experiments on mathematical reasoning benchmarks show that CE-GPPO consistently outperforms strong baselines across different model scales.

强化学习大模型优化熵控制

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