arXiv:2509.21210cs.ROcs.SY2025-09被引 1

提出可全向控制的新型无人机,解决传统多旋翼姿态与位置耦合难题。

Next-Generation Aerial Robots -- Omniorientational Strategies: Dynamic Modeling, Control, and Comparative Analysis

  • 通过调整螺旋桨轴角度实现全向控制,突破传统多旋翼设计限制。
  • 新控制器在仿真中有效应对扰动,功耗降低23%以上,提升续航能力。
  • 适合关注高机动性无人机、能量效率优化的研究者和工程师。

传统多旋翼为欠驱动系统,难以独立控制姿态与位置。本文提出多种新构型,通过增加螺旋桨轴角度控制输入,实现系统全向控制。针对所有构型推导了详细动力学模型,并通过Simscape Multibody仿真验证。设计了滑模控制器以应对扰动,以及一种结合重力补偿与线性/非线性分配器的新型高效PID控制器。采用自定义控制分配策略,处理系统输入非仿射特性,以最小化研究中定义的“功耗因子”来延长电池寿命。仿真结果表明,所提控制器能有效应对恶劣扰动和不确定性。对比分析涵盖不同构型与控制器的功耗表现,并定性评估各类不确定性对控制性能的影响,指明未来模型与硬件改进方向。本研究为基于目标需求设计全向无人机提供了路线图,为配置选择与控制器设计提供实用洞见。研究项目为SAC-1,属于Sharif AgRoLab的目标之一。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional multi-rotors are under-actuated systems, hindering them from independently controlling attitude from position. In this study, we present several distinct configurations that incorporate additional control inputs for manipulating the angles of the propeller axes. This addresses the mentioned limitations, making the systems "omniorientational". We comprehensively derived detailed dynamic models for all introduced configurations and validated by a methodology using Simscape Multibody simulations. Two controllers are designed: a sliding mode controller for robust handling of disturbances and a novel PID-based controller with gravity compensation integrating linear and non-linear allocators, designed for computational efficiency. A custom control allocation strategy is implemented to manage the input-non-affine nature of these systems, seeking to maximize battery life by minimizing the "Power Consumption Factor" defined in this study. Moreover, the controllers effectively managed harsh disturbances and uncertainties. Simulations compare and analyze the proposed configurations and controllers, majorly considering their power consumption. Furthermore, we conduct a qualitative comparison to evaluate the impact of different types of uncertainties on the control system, highlighting areas for potential model or hardware improvements. The analysis in this study provides a roadmap for future researchers to design omniorientational drones based on their design objectives, offering practical insights into configuration selection and controller design. This research aligns with the project SAC-1, one of the objectives of Sharif AgRoLab.

无人机全向控制动力学建模能耗优化

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