arXiv:2509.21380cs.CVcs.LG2025-09

通过捕捉类别内多样性,提升小样本数据集的代表性。

Coreset selection based on Intra-class diversity

  • 按类别聚类提取内部多样性,生成更具代表性的子集。
  • 在生物医学图像上,性能优于随机采样,尤其在小样本下。
  • 适合数据量大、类别不平衡场景下的高效模型训练。

深度学习已广泛应用于医疗领域,特别是在生物医学图像分类中,通过学习复杂特征实现对复杂疾病的精准诊断。当前训练方法包括从头训练和迁移学习,均需大量计算资源与时间,尤其在超参数调优时需多次训练。随着数据规模增长,研究者开始关注如何通过选择代表性子集(即coreset)来降低计算开销。随机采样虽简便,但易受类别不平衡影响,无法体现类别内的多样性。本文提出一种轻量级智能方法,通过构建每类内部的聚类来捕捉类别内差异,从而生成更均衡的coreset。在知名生物医学图像数据集上进行的大量实验表明,在统一条件下,该方法在多个性能指标上均优于随机采样。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep Learning models have transformed various domains, including the healthcare sector, particularly biomedical image classification by learning intricate features and enabling accurate diagnostics pertaining to complex diseases. Recent studies have adopted two different approaches to train DL models: training from scratch and transfer learning. Both approaches demand substantial computational time and resources due to the involvement of massive datasets in model training. These computational demands are further increased due to the design-space exploration required for selecting optimal hyperparameters, which typically necessitates several training rounds. With the growing sizes of datasets, exploring solutions to this problem has recently gained the research community's attention. A plausible solution is to select a subset of the dataset for training and hyperparameter search. This subset, referred to as the corset, must be a representative set of the original dataset. A straightforward approach to selecting the coreset could be employing random sampling, albeit at the cost of compromising the representativeness of the original dataset. A critical limitation of random sampling is the bias towards the dominant classes in an imbalanced dataset. Even if the dataset has inter-class balance, this random sampling will not capture intra-class diversity. This study addresses this issue by introducing an intelligent, lightweight mechanism for coreset selection. Specifically, it proposes a method to extract intra-class diversity, forming per-class clusters that are utilized for the final sampling. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology by conducting extensive classification experiments on a well-known biomedical imaging dataset. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the random sampling approach on several performance metrics for uniform conditions.

数据集采样深度学习生物医学

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