arXiv:2509.21637cs.LG2025-09被引 1

提出BoHA方法,在参数高效微调中更好保留多阶段任务性能。

BoHA: Blockwise Hadamard Product Adaptation for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

  • 将冻结权重分块,每块独立学习低秩哈达玛乘积因子。
  • 在连续学习任务中保留57.66%首阶段准确率,优于现有方法15.23%。
  • 适合需要持续适应新任务且保持旧知识的场景。

参数高效微调(PEFT)通过训练少量特定任务参数来保持预训练模型冻结。主流的低秩适配(LoRA)家族实现了这一权衡;然而,现有评估通常仅关注单任务精度。在序列适应场景中,还需衡量后续微调对首阶段性能的保持能力。为此,我们提出BoHA,一种基于块级W₀耦合哈达玛乘积的适配器,将空间支持作为显式设计维度。BoHA将冻结权重W₀划分为b×b网格,并在每个块中学习独立的低秩哈达玛乘积因子,总秩与LoRA相当,且无需合并推理。在合成目标上,当每块秩r_b=1时,可精确重构全局耦合参数化下需秩b²才能实现的更新。在Llama-3.2-1B/3B、Mistral-7B和Gemma-2-9B上的常识与算术推理任务中,BoHA在所有匹配预算的单任务平均表现上均优于LoRA,且在最强哈达玛基线中保持竞争力。在Llama-3.2-3B的常识→算术持续学习诊断任务中,BoHA保留57.66%首阶段准确率,相比无W₀自由加性控制均值高出15.23%,在匹配第二阶段可塑性条件下。结果表明,块级W₀耦合哈达玛适配是一种在序列适应中兼顾性能保持的有力选择。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of large language models trains a small task-specific parameter set while keeping the pretrained model frozen. The dominant Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) family makes this trade-off practical; however, evaluations under the same parameter budget assess single-task accuracy. In sequential adaptation settings, such evaluations should also measure how well performance on the first-stage task is retained after subsequent fine-tuning. To address this gap, we introduce BoHA, a blockwise $W_0$-coupled Hadamard product adapter that treats spatial support as an explicit design axis. BoHA partitions the frozen weight $W_0$ into a $b{\times}b$ grid and learns an independent low-rank Hadamard product factor in each block, preserving a matched LoRA-equivalent total rank with adapter-free merged inference. On a synthetic target, BoHA at per-block rank $r_b{=}1$ exactly reconstructs an update that requires rank $b^2$ under the global $W_0$-coupled Hadamard parameterization. Across Llama-3.2-1B/3B, Mistral-7B, and Gemma-2-9B on commonsense and arithmetic reasoning tasks, BoHA outperforms LoRA across all matched-budget single-task averages and remains competitive with the strongest Hadamard baseline. On a Llama-3.2-3B commonsense $\to$ arithmetic continual-learning diagnostic, BoHA retains $57.66\%$ first-stage accuracy and exceeds the $W_0$-free additive-control mean by $15.23\%$ under matched second-stage plasticity. These results demonstrate that blockwise $W_0$-coupled Hadamard adaptation is a competitive PEFT design choice when retention under sequential adaptation is part of the objective.

参数高效持续学习哈达玛微调

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