arXiv:2509.22138cs.LGmath.MG2025-09被引 5

提出新型双切片沃罗诺伊距离,高效替代计算复杂的沃罗诺伊过沃罗诺伊度量。

Slicing Wasserstein Over Wasserstein Via Functional Optimal Transport

  • 基于函数空间中的分位数函数等距关系,构建泛化切片框架
  • 双切片度量在离散化下等价于原始沃罗诺伊过沃罗诺伊距离
  • 避免高阶矩不稳定性,适用于图像、形状等复杂分布比较

Wasserstein 距离定义了任意度量空间上概率测度之间的度量,包括元测度(测度上的测度)。由此产生的沃罗诺伊过沃罗诺伊(WoW)距离是用于比较数据集或图像与形状分布的强大工具,但计算成本高昂。现有切片 WoW 加速方法依赖参数化元测度或高阶矩的存在,导致数值不稳定。本文提出利用一维 Wasserstein 空间与函数空间 $L_2([0,1])$ 中分位数函数之间的等距关系。为此,我们引入适用于任意 Banach 空间的通用切片 Wasserstein 框架。由于一维 Wasserstein 的等距性,该框架通过无限维 $L_2$-投影定义了一维元测度间的切片距离,由高斯过程参数化。结合经典的欧氏单位球积分,得到适用于一般元测度的双切片 Wasserstein(DSW)度量。我们证明,对于离散化元测度,DSW 最小化等价于 WoW 最小化,同时避免了不稳定的高阶矩并实现计算节省。在数据集、形状和图像上的数值实验验证了 DSW 作为 WoW 距离的可扩展替代方案的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Wasserstein distances define a metric between probability measures on arbitrary metric spaces, including meta-measures (measures over measures). The resulting Wasserstein over Wasserstein (WoW) distance is a powerful, but computationally costly tool for comparing datasets or distributions over images and shapes. Existing sliced WoW accelerations rely on parametric meta-measures or the existence of high-order moments, leading to numerical instability. As an alternative, we propose to leverage the isometry between the 1d Wasserstein space and the quantile functions in the function space $L_2([0,1])$. For this purpose, we introduce a general sliced Wasserstein framework for arbitrary Banach spaces. Due to the 1d Wasserstein isometry, this framework defines a sliced distance between 1d meta-measures via infinite-dimensional $L_2$-projections, parametrized by Gaussian processes. Combining this 1d construction with classical integration over the Euclidean unit sphere yields the double-sliced Wasserstein (DSW) metric for general meta-measures. We show that DSW minimization is equivalent to WoW minimization for discretized meta-measures, while avoiding unstable higher-order moments and computational savings. Numerical experiments on datasets, shapes, and images validate DSW as a scalable substitute for the WoW distance.

Wasserstein度量学习概率分布优化

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