arXiv:2509.22319cs.LGcs.AI2025-09

先用轻量模型快速响应,再逐步加载大模型层,兼顾速度与精度。

Progressive Weight Loading: Accelerating Initial Inference and Gradually Boosting Performance on Resource-Constrained Environments

  • 先部署轻量学生模型,再逐层替换为教师模型参数。
  • 初始推理延迟降低,最终准确率接近完整教师模型。
  • 适合移动端等资源受限且需快速响应的场景。

深度学习模型日益庞大复杂,导致内存消耗和计算需求增加,模型加载时间与初始推理延迟上升,在移动设备和对延迟敏感的环境中带来挑战。尽管知识蒸馏可通过压缩大模型提升效率,但常伴随性能下降。为此,我们提出渐进式权重加载(PWL):先部署轻量学生模型实现快速初始推理,再逐步将学生模型各层替换为预训练教师模型的权重。为支持无缝层替换,我们设计一种训练方法,不仅对齐学生与教师层间的中间特征表示,还提升学生模型整体输出性能。在VGG、ResNet和ViT架构上的实验表明,采用PWL训练的模型在教师层逐步加载过程中持续提升准确率,最终达到全教师模型的精度水平,同时保持初始推理速度优势。该方法特别适用于动态、资源受限环境下对响应速度与性能均有要求的部署场景。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep learning models have become increasingly large and complex, resulting in higher memory consumption and computational demands. Consequently, model loading times and initial inference latency have increased, posing significant challenges in mobile and latency-sensitive environments where frequent model loading and unloading are required, which directly impacts user experience. While Knowledge Distillation (KD) offers a solution by compressing large teacher models into smaller student ones, it often comes at the cost of reduced performance. To address this trade-off, we propose Progressive Weight Loading (PWL), a novel technique that enables fast initial inference by first deploying a lightweight student model, then incrementally replacing its layers with those of a pre-trained teacher model. To support seamless layer substitution, we introduce a training method that not only aligns intermediate feature representations between student and teacher layers, but also improves the overall output performance of the student model. Our experiments on VGG, ResNet, and ViT architectures demonstrate that models trained with PWL maintain competitive distillation performance and gradually improve accuracy as teacher layers are loaded-matching the final accuracy of the full teacher model without compromising initial inference speed. This makes PWL particularly suited for dynamic, resource-constrained deployments where both responsiveness and performance are critical.

模型加速知识蒸馏渐进加载资源受限

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