提出可调控量子生成模型ConQuER,解决生成结果不可控与偏倚问题。
ConQuER: Modular Architectures for Control and Bias Mitigation in IQP Quantum Generative Models
- 模块化架构嵌入轻量控制器,无需重训练即可精准调控输出分布
- 在多个量子态数据集上实现高精度控制,仅增加少量参数和门开销
- 适合需要可控生成的量子机器学习应用,如量子化学模拟
基于瞬时量子多项式(IQP)电路的量子生成模型在学习复杂分布方面具有巨大潜力,同时保持经典可训练性。然而,现有实现存在两大缺陷:输出难以控制,且严重偏向某些预期模式。本文提出可控量子生成框架ConQuER,通过模块化电路架构解决上述问题。ConQuER嵌入轻量级控制器电路,可直接与预训练IQP电路结合,精确调控输出分布而无需完整重训练。利用IQP优势,该方案能以极低参数和门开销实现对汉明权重分布等属性的精准控制。此外,受控制器设计启发,我们通过数据驱动优化,在底层IQP架构中嵌入隐式控制路径,显著降低在结构化数据集上的生成偏倚。ConQuER保留高效经典训练特性和高可扩展性。我们在多个量子态数据集上实验验证,结果表明其在控制精度和生成均衡性上均优于原有IQP模型,且开销极低。本框架弥合了量子计算优势与可控生成建模实际需求之间的差距。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum generative models based on instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) circuits show great promise in learning complex distributions while maintaining classical trainability. However, current implementations suffer from two key limitations: lack of controllability over generated outputs and severe generation bias towards certain expected patterns. We present a Controllable Quantum Generative Framework, ConQuER, which addresses both challenges through a modular circuit architecture. ConQuER embeds a lightweight controller circuit that can be directly combined with pre-trained IQP circuits to precisely control the output distribution without full retraining. Leveraging the advantages of IQP, our scheme enables precise control over properties such as the Hamming Weight distribution with minimal parameter and gate overhead. In addition, inspired by the controller design, we extend this modular approach through data-driven optimization to embed implicit control paths in the underlying IQP architecture, significantly reducing generation bias on structured datasets. ConQuER retains efficient classical training properties and high scalability. We experimentally validate ConQuER on multiple quantum state datasets, demonstrating its superior control accuracy and balanced generation performance, only with very low overhead cost over original IQP circuits. Our framework bridges the gap between the advantages of quantum computing and the practical needs of controllable generation modeling.
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