用GAN学习多系统物理轨迹,还能发现隐藏结构。
Physically Plausible Multi-System Trajectory Generation and Symmetry Discovery
- 在条件GAN中嵌入哈密顿网络,实现物理可解释的轨迹生成
- 无需先验配置空间知识,可从任意测量数据中发现系统结构
- 能泛化到未见参数,适合多系统动力学建模与对称性发现
从钟摆到天体运动,力学决定了世界在时空中的演化。近年来许多神经网络模型利用经典力学的归纳偏置,提升模型可解释性并保证预测状态的物理合理性。然而,现有方法通常仅针对具有固定物理参数的单一系统,且需已知配置空间。本文提出辛相空间生成对抗网络(SPS-GAN),可同时建模多个系统,并在未见过的物理参数下实现泛化。该方法无需预先知道系统配置空间,甚至能从任意测量类型(如状态空间数据、视频帧)中自动发现配置空间结构。为实现物理合理的生成,引入新型架构:将哈密顿神经网络循环模块嵌入条件GAN主干;为发现配置空间结构,优化条件时序GAN目标时加入物理启发的稀疏正则项。实验表明,SPS-GAN在轨迹预测、视频生成和对称性发现任务中表现优异,性能媲美专为单系统设计的监督模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
From metronomes to celestial bodies, mechanics underpins how the world evolves in time and space. With consideration of this, a number of recent neural network models leverage inductive biases from classical mechanics to encourage model interpretability and ensure forecasted states are physical. However, in general, these models are designed to capture the dynamics of a single system with fixed physical parameters, from state-space measurements of a known configuration space. In this paper we introduce Symplectic Phase Space GAN (SPS-GAN) which can capture the dynamics of multiple systems, and generalize to unseen physical parameters from. Moreover, SPS-GAN does not require prior knowledge of the system configuration space. In fact, SPS-GAN can discover the configuration space structure of the system from arbitrary measurement types (e.g., state-space measurements, video frames). To achieve physically plausible generation, we introduce a novel architecture which embeds a Hamiltonian neural network recurrent module in a conditional GAN backbone. To discover the structure of the configuration space, we optimize the conditional time-series GAN objective with an additional physically motivated term to encourages a sparse representation of the configuration space. We demonstrate the utility of SPS-GAN for trajectory prediction, video generation and symmetry discovery. Our approach captures multiple systems and achieves performance on par with supervised models designed for single systems.
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