针对窄深网络设计新初始化,让奇正弦激活函数更稳定训练
Beyond Gaussian Initializations: Signal Preserving Weight Initialization for Odd-Sigmoid Activations
- 为奇正弦激活设计感知激活的初始化方法
- 在极深窄网络中保持信号与梯度稳定,误差更低
- 适合物理信息神经网络等对初始化敏感场景
激活函数显著影响模型可训练性和表达能力,近年研究探索了多种非线性函数。但广泛使用的高斯独立同分布初始化基于宽网络假设,适用于深度较浅或宽度较大的情况。在具有双曲正弦类非线性的深而窄网络中,此类初始化常导致预激活饱和和梯度消失。为此,本文提出一种奇正弦激活函数,并设计了一种针对该类函数的激活感知初始化方法。该方法在宽范围方差尺度下保持前向信号方差与反向传播梯度范数稳定,即使在极深窄网络中亦然。实验证明,该初始化在标准图像基准上对深度、宽度和激活尺度的敏感性远低于高斯初始化。在物理信息神经网络(PINNs)中,结合缩放后的奇正弦激活与本方法,取得比高斯初始化更低的损失,表明对角加噪声权重可作为高斯初始化失效时的实际替代方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Activation functions critically influence trainability and expressivity, and recent work has therefore explored a broad range of nonlinearities. However, widely used Gaussian i.i.d. initializations are designed to preserve activation variance under wide or infinite width assumptions. In deep and relatively narrow networks with sigmoidal nonlinearities, these schemes often drive preactivations into saturation, and collapse gradients. To address this, we introduce an odd-sigmoid activations and propose an activation aware initialization tailored to any function in this class. Our method remains robust over a wide band of variance scales, preserving both forward signal variance and backpropagated gradient norms even in very deep and narrow networks. Empirically, across standard image benchmarks we find that the proposed initialization is substantially less sensitive to depth, width, and activation scale than Gaussian initializations. In physics informed neural networks (PINNs), scaled odd-sigmoid activations combined with our initialization achieve lower losses than Gaussian based setups, suggesting that diagonal-plus-noise weights provide a practical alternative when Gaussian initialization breaks down.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。