arXiv:2509.23203cs.RO2025-09被引 11

让不同机器人共享导航能力,用两阶段方法降低训练成本。

CE-Nav: Flow-Guided Reinforcement Refinement for Cross-Embodiment Local Navigation

  • 先用模仿学习训练通用专家模型,再针对新机器人微调动态适应模块。
  • 在四足、双足和无人机上实现顶尖性能,仅需少量环境交互即可适配。
  • 无需真实机器人数据,适合快速部署到多种形态机器人上。

跨机器人形态的局部导航泛化是关键挑战。传统方法受限于昂贵且特定于机器人的数据、规划与控制耦合严重,以及确定性模型难以处理多模态决策(如左右转向)的“灾难性平均”问题。我们提出CE-Nav,一种两阶段(模仿学习后强化学习)框架,系统解耦通用几何推理与特定机体动态适配。首先,基于大规模经典规划器生成的数据,使用模仿学习训练一个无机体依赖的通用专家模型(名为VelFlow),该模型为满足运动学约束的动作分布建模,完全避免真实机器人数据,并解决多模态问题。其次,针对新机器人冻结专家模型,将其作为引导先验,通过在线强化学习训练轻量级动态感知修正器。该修正器仅需少量环境交互即可快速补偿目标机器人的具体动力学特性与控制器缺陷。在四足、双足及无人机上的大量实验表明,CE-Nav达到当前最优性能,同时显著降低适应成本。实际部署验证了其高效可扩展性。代码开源:https://github.com/amap-cvlab/CE-Nav。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Generalizing local navigation policies across diverse robot morphologies is a critical challenge. Progress is often hindered by the need for costly and embodiment-specific data, the tight coupling of planning and control, and the "disastrous averaging" problem where deterministic models fail to capture multi-modal decisions (e.g., turning left or right). We introduce CE-Nav, a novel two-stage (IL-then-RL) framework that systematically decouples universal geometric reasoning from embodiment-specific dynamic adaptation. First, we train an embodiment-agnostic General Expert offline using imitation learning. This expert, a conditional normalizing flow model named VelFlow, learns the full distribution of kinematically-sound actions from a large-scale dataset generated by a classical planner, completely avoiding real robot data and resolving the multi-modality issue. Second, for a new robot, we freeze the expert and use it as a guiding prior to train a lightweight, Dynamics-Aware Refiner via online reinforcement learning. This refiner rapidly learns to compensate for the target robot's specific dynamics and controller imperfections with minimal environmental interaction. Extensive experiments on quadrupeds, bipeds, and quadrotors show that CE-Nav achieves state-of-the-art performance while drastically reducing adaptation cost. Successful real-world deployments further validate our approach as an efficient and scalable solution for building generalizable navigation systems. Code is available at https://github.com/amap-cvlab/CE-Nav.

机器人导航强化学习多模态决策泛化能力

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