让四足机器人像动物一样灵活应对外力干扰,同时保持安全稳定。
SAC-Loco: Safe and Adjustable Compliant Quadrupedal Locomotion
- 用师生强化学习训练可调柔顺的运动策略,无需力传感器
- 引入安全恢复策略,应对超出柔顺控制范围的干扰
- 实时学习安全判别器,协调柔顺与紧急恢复行为
四足机器人通过模仿动物肢体运动实现敏捷与鲁棒的行走。然而,现有控制方法大多缺乏动物所具备的关键能力:在受外力干扰时表现出多样化的柔顺行为并维持稳定性。特别是,在保持柔顺性的同时确保对力扰动的鲁棒安全性仍是一大挑战。本文提出一种安全感知的柔顺运动框架,集成可调扰动柔顺与鲁棒失效预防机制。首先采用师生强化学习框架训练具有可调柔顺等级的力适应策略,支持无显式力感知部署。为应对超出柔顺控制范围的扰动,开发了面向安全的快速恢复与稳定策略。最后引入一个学习型安全判别器,实时监控机器人状态,并协调柔顺运动与恢复行为。该框架使四足机器人在多种外部力扰动下实现平滑柔顺响应与鲁棒安全性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quadruped robots are designed to achieve agile and robust locomotion by drawing inspiration from legged animals. However, most existing control methods for quadruped robots lack a key capacity observed in animals: the ability to exhibit diverse compliance behaviors while ensuring stability when experiencing external forces. In particular, achieving adjustable compliance while maintaining robust safety under force disturbances remains a significant challenge. In this work, we propose a safety aware compliant locomotion framework that integrates adjustable disturbance compliance with robust failure prevention. We first train a force compliant policy with adjustable compliance levels using a teacher student reinforcement learning framework, allowing deployment without explicit force sensing. To handle disturbances beyond the limits of compliant control, we develop a safety oriented policy for rapid recovery and stabilization. Finally, we introduce a learned safety critic that monitors the robot's safety in real time and coordinates between compliant locomotion and recovery behaviors. Together, this framework enables quadruped robots to achieve smooth force compliance and robust safety under a wide range of external force disturbances.
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