用序列建模解决仓库多智能体搬运难题,提升路径规划效率与泛化能力。
Sequence Pathfinder for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery in the Warehouse
- 将路径规划转化为序列建模问题,利用Transformer实现隐式信息共享
- 决策复杂度从指数级降至线性,且在多种任务中性能优于现有方法
- 特别适合复杂仓库环境,需结合模仿学习以提升实际场景适应性
多智能体搬运(MAPD)是多智能体路径规划(MAPF)的挑战性扩展,要求智能体按固定位置顺序完成拾取与交付任务。尽管基于学习的方法在MAPD上取得进展,但在具有狭窄通道和长走廊的仓库环境中,仅依赖局部观测进行分布式决策时表现不佳。通信学习虽可缓解全局信息缺失问题,但会引入高计算复杂度。为此,本文将MAPF建模为序列问题,并证明序列建模下的路径策略具备顺序不变最优性,确保其在MAPD中的有效性。在此基础上,提出序列路径规划器(SePar),利用Transformer架构实现隐式信息交换,将决策复杂度从指数级降低至线性,同时保持高效性与全局感知能力。实验表明,SePar在多种MAPF任务及其变体中持续优于现有学习方法,并能良好泛化至未见过的环境。此外,研究强调在复杂地图如仓库中集成模仿学习的重要性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery (MAPD) is a challenging extension of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where agents are required to sequentially complete tasks with fixed-location pickup and delivery demands. Although learning-based methods have made progress in MAPD, they often perform poorly in warehouse-like environments with narrow pathways and long corridors when relying only on local observations for distributed decision-making. Communication learning can alleviate the lack of global information but introduce high computational complexity due to point-to-point communication. To address this challenge, we formulate MAPF as a sequence modeling problem and prove that path-finding policies under sequence modeling possess order-invariant optimality, ensuring its effectiveness in MAPD. Building on this, we propose the Sequential Pathfinder (SePar), which leverages the Transformer paradigm to achieve implicit information exchange, reducing decision-making complexity from exponential to linear while maintaining efficiency and global awareness. Experiments demonstrate that SePar consistently outperforms existing learning-based methods across various MAPF tasks and their variants, and generalizes well to unseen environments. Furthermore, we highlight the necessity of integrating imitation learning in complex maps like warehouses.
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