arXiv:2509.23822cs.LGcs.AI2025-09被引 10

基于晶格对称性生成高稳定晶体,突破传统模型对称性不足的瓶颈。

Space Group Conditional Flow Matching

  • 以晶格空间群和魏克夫位置为条件,构建对称性约束的生成流程。
  • 在晶体结构预测与生成任务上达到当前最优性能,对称性显著提升。
  • 高效实现群不变性计算,几乎无额外计算开销,适合材料设计应用。

无机晶体是三维空间中周期性、高度对称的原子排列,其结构受晶体学空间群的对称操作约束,并限定于特定仿射子空间——魏克夫位置。原子在晶体中的出现频率及大致位置由其魏克夫位置决定。现有生成模型普遍忽略这些对称性约束,导致生成的晶体对称性不足、分布不真实。本文提出空间群条件流匹配(Space Group Conditional Flow Matching),通过在生成过程中条件化给定空间群和魏克夫位置,定义条件对称的噪声基分布与群条件不变的参数化向量场,使原子运动始终限制在其初始魏克夫位置内。该方法采用专为对称晶体优化的群平均重写形式,将对称化计算开销降至可忽略水平。在晶体结构预测与从头生成基准测试中均取得当前最佳表现,并进行了充分消融实验验证。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Inorganic crystals are periodic, highly-symmetric arrangements of atoms in three-dimensional space. Their structures are constrained by the symmetry operations of a crystallographic \emph{space group} and restricted to lie in specific affine subspaces known as \emph{Wyckoff positions}. The frequency an atom appears in the crystal and its rough positioning are determined by its Wyckoff position. Most generative models that predict atomic coordinates overlook these symmetry constraints, leading to unrealistically high populations of proposed crystals exhibiting limited symmetry. We introduce Space Group Conditional Flow Matching, a novel generative framework that samples significantly closer to the target population of highly-symmetric, stable crystals. We achieve this by conditioning the entire generation process on a given space group and set of Wyckoff positions; specifically, we define a conditionally symmetric noise base distribution and a group-conditioned, equivariant, parametric vector field that restricts the motion of atoms to their initial Wyckoff position. Our form of group-conditioned equivariance is achieved using an efficient reformulation of \emph{group averaging} tailored for symmetric crystals. Importantly, it reduces the computational overhead of symmetrization to a negligible level. We achieve state of the art results on crystal structure prediction and de novo generation benchmarks. We also perform relevant ablations.

晶体生成对称性建模流匹配材料设计

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