用流匹配加速规划,同时保证实时安全,避免路径失效。
SafeFlowMatcher: Safe and Fast Planning using Flow Matching with Control Barrier Functions
- 结合流匹配与控制屏障函数,分预测与修正两阶段生成路径
- 在迷宫、行走、机械臂任务中比基线更快更平滑且零碰撞
- 适合对安全性和速度有要求的机器人路径规划场景
基于流匹配(FM)的生成式规划器可在单次或少数常微分方程(ODE)步骤内生成高质量路径,但其采样动态缺乏形式化安全保证,且在约束附近可能产生不完整路径。我们提出SafeFlowMatcher,将流匹配与控制屏障函数(CBFs)结合,实现实时效率与可认证安全性的统一。该框架采用两阶段(PC)积分器:(i) 预测阶段通过一次(或少量)学习到的流匹配积分生成候选路径;(ii) 修正阶段利用时间缩放向量场和基于CBF的二次规划,最小扰动地优化路径。我们证明了该流系统的屏障证书,建立了鲁棒安全集的前向不变性及有限时间收敛性。此外,仅对执行路径施加安全约束,而非所有中间潜在路径,避免了分布漂移并缓解局部陷阱问题。大量消融实验验证了PC积分器与屏障证书的有效性。在迷宫导航、运动控制和机器人操作任务中,SafeFlowMatcher均优于扩散模型与流匹配基线,生成更快、更平滑、更安全的路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative planners based on flow matching (FM) produce high-quality paths in a single or a few ODE steps, but their sampling dynamics offer no formal safety guarantees and can yield incomplete paths near constraints. We present SafeFlowMatcher, a planning framework that couples FM with control barrier functions (CBFs) to achieve both real-time efficiency and certified safety. SafeFlowMatcher uses a two-phase (PC) integrator: (i) a prediction phase integrates the learned FM once (or a few steps) to obtain a candidate path without intervention; (ii) a correction phase refines this path with a vanishing time-scaled vector field and a CBF-based quadratic program that minimally perturbs the vector field. We prove a barrier certificate for the resulting flow system, establishing forward invariance of a robust safe set and finite-time convergence to the safe set. In addition, by enforcing safety only on the executed path, rather than all intermediate latent paths, SafeFlowMatcher avoids distributional drift and mitigates local trap problems. Moreover, SafeFlowMatcher attains faster, smoother, and safer paths than diffusion- and FM-based baselines on maze navigation, locomotion, and robot manipulation tasks. Extensive ablations corroborate the contributions of the PC integrator and the barrier certificate.
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