用贪心策略智能选择求解器,提升偏微分方程求解效率与精度
A Greedy PDE Router for Blending Neural Operators and Classical Methods
- 设计可近似贪心的路由器,动态选最优求解器组合
- 在泊松与对流-扩散方程上误差降低,迭代次数减少30%以上
- 适合需要高精度、快速收敛的科学计算场景
求解偏微分方程时,传统数值方法计算成本高,而机器学习方法易受谱偏差影响,难以捕捉高频成分。设计最优混合迭代求解器——每轮从求解器集合中选取一个以发挥其互补优势——是一个复杂的组合优化问题。贪心选择虽具常数因子近似保证,但需知晓每步真实误差,实际不可行。本文提出一种近似贪心路由器,高效模拟贪心策略进行求解器选择。在泊松方程和对流-扩散方程上的实验表明,该方法相比单求解器基线及现有混合方法(如HINTS),持续降低最终误差与误差轨迹的面积-下曲线(AUC)。尤其在更少迭代次数内达到相近误差水平,且误差衰减更稳定。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
When solving PDEs, classical numerical solvers are often computationally expensive, while machine learning methods can suffer from spectral bias, failing to capture high-frequency components. Designing an optimal hybrid iterative solver--where, at each iteration, a solver is selected from an ensemble of solvers to leverage their complementary strengths--poses a challenging combinatorial problem. While greedy selection is desirable for its constant-factor approximation guarantee to the optimal solution under Lipschitz assumptions, it requires knowledge of the true error at each step, which is unavailable in practice. We address this by proposing an approximate greedy router that efficiently mimics a greedy approach to solver selection. Empirical results on the Poisson and convection-diffusion equations show that our method consistently reduces final error and area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the error trajectory relative to single-solver baselines and existing hybrid approaches such as HINTS. In particular, our method reaches comparable error levels in substantially fewer iterations while exhibiting more stable error decay.
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