仅用去噪器输出的噪声向量,就能高效判断数据是否在训练集。
Score-based Membership Inference on Diffusion Models
- 利用扩散模型的得分(即噪声预测)作为攻击指标
- 单次查询即可达到顶尖性能,30样本下误报率1%时真阳性率达90%以上
- 适合评估生成模型隐私安全,尤其对资源有限场景友好
扩散模型的成员推断攻击(MIAs)引发了严重的隐私担忧,可揭示某样本是否属于训练集。现有方法通常依赖多步去噪过程中的重构误差,计算开销大。本文提出一种简单有效的攻击指标:仅使用扩散模型去噪器输出的噪声向量(等价于得分)。我们发现,该期望输出指向附近训练样本的核加权局部均值,其模长反映与训练集的接近程度,从而揭示成员身份。基于此,我们提出SimA——一种单次查询攻击,提供比传统多查询方法更高效、更合理的替代方案。SimA在8个不同数据集上的各类扩散模型及潜在扩散模型(LDMs)中表现稳定且优异;其蒙特卡洛变体(SimA-MC)在30样本下实现当前最优性能,显著优于基线方法,在1%假阳性率下的真阳性率(TPR)更高。结果表明,复杂重构轨迹并非有效成员推断所必需,确立了SimA作为扩散模型与潜在扩散模型隐私审计的高效基准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against Diffusion Models (DMs) raise pressing privacy concerns by revealing whether a sample was part of the training set. While existing methods typically rely on measuring reconstruction error across multiple denoising steps as a test statistic, they often incur significant computational overhead. In this work, we present a simple yet successful attack statistic using only the predicted noise vectors from the DM's denoiser, or equivalently, the score. Specifically, we show that the expected denoiser output points toward a kernel-weighted local mean of nearby training samples, such that its norm encodes proximity to the training set and thereby reveals membership. Building on this observation, we propose SimA, a single-query attack that provides a principled, efficient alternative to existing multi-query methods. SimA consistently achieves highly competitive performance across variants of DMs and the Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) on eight different datasets. Its Monte Carlo variant (SimA-MC) exhibits state-of-the-art performance in most experiments at 30 samples, significantly outperforming baseline methods in terms of TPR@1%FPR. These results demonstrate that complex reconstruction trajectories are unnecessary for effective membership inference, establishing SimA as a highly efficient benchmark for auditing privacy in DMs and LDMs.
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