arXiv:2509.25402cs.RO2025-09

用启发式搜索提升强化学习模型推理效率,兼顾动作与代价评估。

Parallel Heuristic Search as Inference for Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Models

  • 并行批量生成动作和代价估计,加速推理过程
  • 在机器人操作任务中实现无碰撞路径规划与接触交互
  • 适合需要高效推理的机器人控制场景

Actor-Critic 模型是一类在多种机器人学习任务中表现优异的无模型深度强化学习算法。尽管已有大量研究关注训练稳定性和数据采样效率,但多数部署策略仍较简单,通常依赖直接的策略滚动。本文提出一种名为 P-ACHS(Parallel Actor-Critic Heuristic Search)的高效并行最优优先搜索推理方法,同时利用演员-评论家架构中的两个组件:演员网络生成动作,评论家网络提供代价到目标估计以引导搜索。搜索过程中采用两级并行机制——演员与评论家网络分别批量生成动作和代价估计,图展开则由多个线程分布式执行。我们在机器人操纵任务中验证了该方法的有效性,包括无碰撞运动规划和富含接触的非抓取推动任务。更多演示见 p-achs.github.io。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Actor-Critic models are a class of model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms that have demonstrated effectiveness across various robot learning tasks. While considerable research has focused on improving training stability and data sampling efficiency, most deployment strategies have remained relatively simplistic, typically relying on direct actor policy rollouts. In contrast, we propose \pachs{} (\textit{P}arallel \textit{A}ctor-\textit{C}ritic \textit{H}euristic \textit{S}earch), an efficient parallel best-first search algorithm for inference that leverages both components of the actor-critic architecture: the actor network generates actions, while the critic network provides cost-to-go estimates to guide the search. Two levels of parallelism are employed within the search -- actions and cost-to-go estimates are generated in batches by the actor and critic networks respectively, and graph expansion is distributed across multiple threads. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in robotic manipulation tasks, including collision-free motion planning and contact-rich interactions such as non-prehensile pushing. Visit p-achs.github.io for demonstrations and examples.

强化学习机器人控制推理加速启发式搜索

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