arXiv:2509.25727cs.LGcs.AI2025-09NeurIPS被引 2

提出B2R框架,让安全强化学习更可靠

Boundary-to-Region Supervision for Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning

  • 用不对称条件控制成本信号,区分性能目标与安全边界
  • 38个高危任务中35个满足安全约束,奖励表现更优
  • 适合研究安全强化学习或部署于高风险场景的工程师

离线安全强化学习旨在从静态数据集中学习满足预设安全约束的策略。现有基于序列模型的方法对回报预期(RTG)和成本预期(CTG)采用对称输入标记条件,忽略了二者本质差异:RTG是灵活的性能目标,而CTG应作为刚性安全边界。这种对称性导致在遇到分布外成本轨迹时约束满足不可靠。为此,本文提出边界到区域(B2R)框架,通过成本信号重对齐实现非对称条件。B2R将CTG重新定义为固定安全预算下的边界约束,统一所有可行轨迹的成本分布,同时保持奖励结构。结合旋转位置编码,增强安全区域内的探索能力。实验表明,B2R在38个安全关键任务中成功满足安全约束35次,且优于基线方法的奖励表现。本工作揭示了对称标记条件的局限性,并为序列模型应用于安全强化学习提供了新的理论与实践路径。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Offline safe reinforcement learning aims to learn policies that satisfy predefined safety constraints from static datasets. Existing sequence-model-based methods condition action generation on symmetric input tokens for return-to-go and cost-to-go, neglecting their intrinsic asymmetry: return-to-go (RTG) serves as a flexible performance target, while cost-to-go (CTG) should represent a rigid safety boundary. This symmetric conditioning leads to unreliable constraint satisfaction, especially when encountering out-of-distribution cost trajectories. To address this, we propose Boundary-to-Region (B2R), a framework that enables asymmetric conditioning through cost signal realignment . B2R redefines CTG as a boundary constraint under a fixed safety budget, unifying the cost distribution of all feasible trajectories while preserving reward structures. Combined with rotary positional embeddings , it enhances exploration within the safe region. Experimental results show that B2R satisfies safety constraints in 35 out of 38 safety-critical tasks while achieving superior reward performance over baseline methods. This work highlights the limitations of symmetric token conditioning and establishes a new theoretical and practical approach for applying sequence models to safe RL. Our code is available at https://github.com/HuikangSu/B2R.

强化学习安全约束离线学习序列模型

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