arXiv:2509.25999cs.RO2025-09被引 1

统一平面接触的物理模型,让机器人仿真与控制更准确。

On the Conic Complementarity of Planar Contacts

  • 用锥补问题统一建模平面接触,连接点接触与连续接触。
  • 证明该模型等价于在整接触面上施加点接触约束。
  • 扩展了质心压力概念,适合机器人运动规划与控制研究。

本文提出一种统一的理论框架,将机器人学中两个基础原理——点接触的Signorini定律(用于防止物体穿透)和质心压力(又称零力矩点,用于优化式步态控制)——联系起来。核心贡献是平面Signorini条件,一种基于锥补问题的平面接触建模方法,能够描述刚体间的任意平面接触。我们证明该公式在整接触面上等价于逐点施加Signorini定律,从而弥合离散与连续接触模型之间的鸿沟。几何解释表明,该框架可自然刻画三种物理状态:粘附、分离与倾斜。由此,我们提出了一个扩展的质心压力概念,称为扩展质心压力。本工作为平面接触的精确模拟及先进运动与操作控制算法的设计提供了数学一致且计算可行的基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present a unifying theoretical result that connects two foundational principles in robotics: the Signorini law for point contacts, which underpins many simulation methods for preventing object interpenetration, and the center of pressure (also known as the zero-moment point), a key concept used in, for instance, optimization-based locomotion control. Our contribution is the planar Signorini condition, a conic complementarity formulation that models general planar contacts between rigid bodies. We prove that this formulation is equivalent to enforcing the punctual Signorini law across an entire contact surface, thereby bridging the gap between discrete and continuous contact models. A geometric interpretation reveals that the framework naturally captures three physical regimes -sticking, separating, and tilting-within a unified complementarity structure. This leads to a principled extension of the classical center of pressure, which we refer to as the extended center of pressure. By establishing this connection, our work provides a mathematically consistent and computationally tractable foundation for handling planar contacts, with implications for both the accurate simulation of contact dynamics and the design of advanced control and optimization algorithms in locomotion and manipulation.

接触力学机器人控制优化

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