提出新攻击方法,在不改变图结构前提下隐蔽植入后门。
Stealthy Yet Effective: Distribution-Preserving Backdoor Attacks on Graph Classification
- 用对抗训练学习与原数据分布一致的触发器
- 在真实数据集上实现近100%攻击成功率且极难被检测
- 适合研究模型安全或防御机制的读者
图神经网络在节点分类、链接预测和图分类等任务中表现优异,但易受后门攻击:攻击者在训练阶段植入难以察觉的触发器以操控预测结果。现有图分类后门攻击存在两类异常:稀有子图触发器导致结构偏离,标签翻转引发语义偏差,使中毒图易被异常检测模型识别。为此,我们提出DPSBA——一种干净标签的后门攻击框架,通过异常感知判别器引导的对抗训练,学习与原始数据分布一致的触发器。该方法有效抑制结构与语义异常,在保持高攻击成功率的同时显著提升隐蔽性。在多个真实数据集上的实验表明,DPSBA相较当前最优基线,在攻击效果与可检测性之间实现了更优平衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated strong performance across tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification, but remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks that implant imperceptible triggers during training to control predictions. While node-level attacks exploit local message passing, graph-level attacks face the harder challenge of manipulating global representations while maintaining stealth. We identify two main sources of anomaly in existing graph classification backdoor methods: structural deviation from rare subgraph triggers and semantic deviation caused by label flipping, both of which make poisoned graphs easily detectable by anomaly detection models. To address this, we propose DPSBA, a clean-label backdoor framework that learns in-distribution triggers via adversarial training guided by anomaly-aware discriminators. DPSBA effectively suppresses both structural and semantic anomalies, achieving high attack success while significantly improving stealth. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets validate that DPSBA achieves a superior balance between effectiveness and detectability compared to state-of-the-art baselines.
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