用知识图谱嵌入模型提升本体对齐精度,适合高可信场景。
OntoAligner Meets Knowledge Graph Embedding Aligners
- 将本体对齐转化为融合本体的链接预测任务,支持17种嵌入模型。
- ConvE和TransF在结构丰富领域精度领先传统方法,召回率中等但置信度高。
- 相比大模型更保结构信息,适合对映射可靠性要求高的应用。
本体对齐(OA)是实现异构知识系统语义互操作性的关键。尽管近期研究聚焦于大语言模型(LLMs)捕捉上下文语义,本文重新探索了知识图谱嵌入(KGE)模型的潜力——其具备可扩展、结构感知的表示能力,适用于基于本体的任务。虽然KGE在链接预测中表现良好,但在本体对齐中仍被低估,多数研究仅限于少数模型。为此,我们将对齐任务重构为合并本体上的链接预测问题,构建一个模块化框架,并集成至OntoAligner库,支持17种不同KGE模型。系统从整合后的本体学习嵌入,通过余弦相似度对齐实体。我们在七个基准数据集上评估,涵盖解剖学、生物多样性、循环经济、材料科学与工程、生物医学机器学习五个领域。结果表明:第一,ConvE和TransF等模型在结构丰富和多关系领域持续产出高精度对齐,优于传统系统;第二,尽管召回率中等,但其保守性使其特别适合高置信度映射需求。与依赖上下文推理的LLM方法不同,KGE直接保留并利用本体结构,提供一种互补且计算高效的策略。这些发现凸显了基于嵌入的对齐前景,为混合模型与自适应策略的研究开辟了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ontology Alignment (OA) is essential for enabling semantic interoperability across heterogeneous knowledge systems. While recent advances have focused on large language models (LLMs) for capturing contextual semantics, this work revisits the underexplored potential of Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) models, which offer scalable, structure-aware representations well-suited to ontology-based tasks. Despite their effectiveness in link prediction, KGE methods remain underutilized in OA, with most prior work focusing narrowly on a few models. To address this gap, we reformulate OA as a link prediction problem over merged ontologies represented as RDF-style triples and develop a modular framework, integrated into the OntoAligner library, that supports 17 diverse KGE models. The system learns embeddings from a combined ontology and aligns entities by computing cosine similarity between their representations. We evaluate our approach using standard metrics across seven benchmark datasets spanning five domains: Anatomy, Biodiversity, Circular Economy, Material Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Machine Learning. Two key findings emerge: first, KGE models like ConvE and TransF consistently produce high-precision alignments, outperforming traditional systems in structure-rich and multi-relational domains; second, while their recall is moderate, this conservatism makes KGEs well-suited for scenarios demanding high-confidence mappings. Unlike LLM-based methods that excel at contextual reasoning, KGEs directly preserve and exploit ontology structure, offering a complementary and computationally efficient strategy. These results highlight the promise of embedding-based OA and open pathways for further work on hybrid models and adaptive strategies.
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