arXiv:2510.00259cs.MAcs.AI2025-10被引 2

用分层智能体让无人机自动巡检工厂设备,全程用自然语言决策。

A Hierarchical Agentic Framework for Autonomous Drone-Based Visual Inspection

  • 分层架构:主代理规划,多个无人机代理执行具体任务。
  • 自然语言驱动:通过计划-推理-行动-评估循环完成复杂巡检任务。
  • 无需编程:用户只需自然语言描述任务,适合工业场景快速部署。

自主检测系统对保障工业资产性能和寿命至关重要。尽管智能体框架在自动化数字任务中展现出潜力,但在真实物理环境中的应用仍不充分。本文提出一种用于自主无人机视觉检测的分层智能体框架,以及名为ReActEval的单功能执行推理方法。该框架聚焦于室内工业场景中的视觉检测任务,如读取仪表或检查设备。系统采用多智能体结构,包括一个主代理和多个控制单一无人机的工作者代理。主代理负责高层规划与结果评估,工作者代理则利用ReActEval进行低层级动作的推理与执行。整个过程完全基于自然语言,遵循计划-推理-行动-评估循环,可处理从简单导航(如前进10米后降落)到复杂任务(如定位并读取压力表)的各种操作。评估阶段作为反馈或重规划环节,确保动作与用户目标一致,并避免不良后果。我们在模拟环境中使用两个工作者代理进行了评估,从任务完成率和工作流效率两个维度,分析了不同复杂度下的表现。通过自然语言处理实现智能体间通信,本方法提供了一种新颖、灵活且用户友好的替代方案,使工业检测实现无需大量人工干预的自主问题解决。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Autonomous inspection systems are essential for ensuring the performance and longevity of industrial assets. Recently, agentic frameworks have demonstrated significant potential for automating inspection workflows but have been limited to digital tasks. Their application to physical assets in real-world environments, however, remains underexplored. In this work, our contributions are two-fold: first, we propose a hierarchical agentic framework for autonomous drone control, and second, a reasoning methodology for individual function executions which we refer to as ReActEval. Our framework focuses on visual inspection tasks in indoor industrial settings, such as interpreting industrial readouts or inspecting equipment. It employs a multi-agent system comprising a head agent and multiple worker agents, each controlling a single drone. The head agent performs high-level planning and evaluates outcomes, while worker agents implement ReActEval to reason over and execute low-level actions. Operating entirely in natural language, ReActEval follows a plan, reason, act, evaluate cycle, enabling drones to handle tasks ranging from simple navigation (e.g., flying forward 10 meters and land) to complex high-level tasks (e.g., locating and reading a pressure gauge). The evaluation phase serves as a feedback and/or replanning stage, ensuring actions align with user objectives while preventing undesirable outcomes. We evaluate the framework in a simulated environment with two worker agents, assessing performance qualitatively and quantitatively based on task completion across varying complexity levels and workflow efficiency. By leveraging natural language processing for agent communication, our approach offers a novel, flexible, and user-accessible alternative to traditional drone-based solutions, enabling autonomous problem-solving for industrial inspection without extensive user intervention.

无人机巡检智能体系统自然语言控制

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