arXiv:2510.01006cs.AIcs.LG2025-10被引 2

融合AI与集成预测,为大型制造商提供可解释的零部件需求预报与决策洞察。

Integrating AI and Ensemble Forecasting: Explainable Materials Planning with Scorecards and Trend Insights for a Large-Scale Manufacturer

  • 用多模型集成+分群策略,精准预测90国6000种零件的需求。
  • 生成带误差分析、热点定位和根因追溯的绩效看板,支持快速决策。
  • 引入大模型自动生成业务叙事,让数据报告可读可执行。

本文提出一种面向售后需求预测与监控的实用架构,整合了考虑收入与聚类特征的统计、机器学习及深度学习模型集成,并配备角色驱动的分析层,用于生成绩效看板与趋势诊断。系统引入外生信号(如装机量、价格、宏观经济指标、生命周期、季节性),并将新冠疫情视为独立状态,输出具有校准置信区间的国家-部件级预测。采用帕累托感知的分组策略:高收入部件单独建模,长尾部分通过聚类处理;时间视野感知的加权集成,依据业务相关损失(如WMAPE)动态调整权重。除预测外,性能看板提供按收入占比和数量划分的准确性阈值内表现、偏差分解(过估/低估)、地理与产品族热点区域,以及与高影响部件-国家组合相关的根因排名。趋势模块追踪近期月度的MAPE/WMAPE与偏差轨迹,识别改善或恶化实体,检测与已知状态切换对齐的变化点,并归因于生命周期与季节性因素。大模型嵌入分析层,生成角色适配的叙述,统一业务定义,自动化质量检查与核对,将量化结果转化为简洁、可解释的总结供计划员与高管使用。系统实现可复现的工作流——从需求定义、模型执行、数据库存档到AI生成叙述,使计划人员能从‘当前准确率如何’转向‘准确率将走向何方,应调控哪些杠杆’,打通全球90余国、约6000个部件的预测、监控与库存决策闭环。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper presents a practical architecture for after-sales demand forecasting and monitoring that unifies a revenue- and cluster-aware ensemble of statistical, machine-learning, and deep-learning models with a role-driven analytics layer for scorecards and trend diagnostics. The framework ingests exogenous signals (installed base, pricing, macro indicators, life cycle, seasonality) and treats COVID-19 as a distinct regime, producing country-part forecasts with calibrated intervals. A Pareto-aware segmentation forecasts high-revenue items individually and pools the long tail via clusters, while horizon-aware ensembling aligns weights with business-relevant losses (e.g., WMAPE). Beyond forecasts, a performance scorecard delivers decision-focused insights: accuracy within tolerance thresholds by revenue share and count, bias decomposition (over- vs under-forecast), geographic and product-family hotspots, and ranked root causes tied to high-impact part-country pairs. A trend module tracks trajectories of MAPE/WMAPE and bias across recent months, flags entities that are improving or deteriorating, detects change points aligned with known regimes, and attributes movements to lifecycle and seasonal factors. LLMs are embedded in the analytics layer to generate role-aware narratives and enforce reporting contracts. They standardize business definitions, automate quality checks and reconciliations, and translate quantitative results into concise, explainable summaries for planners and executives. The system exposes a reproducible workflow -- request specification, model execution, database-backed artifacts, and AI-generated narratives -- so planners can move from "How accurate are we now?" to "Where is accuracy heading and which levers should we pull?", closing the loop between forecasting, monitoring, and inventory decisions across more than 90 countries and about 6,000 parts.

需求预测AI集成可解释性供应链

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