利用空调系统压力传感器可窃听语音，实现高保真还原。
HVAC-EAR: Eavesdropping Human Speech Using HVAC Systems
- 用复数域变换器捕捉音素依赖关系，0.5kHz采样率即可还原语音。
- 同时重建缺失频率的幅值与相位，有效抑制空调噪声干扰。
- 首次实测证明1.2米内语音可被清晰窃听，隐私风险引关注。
现代供暖、通风与空调（HVAC）系统广泛集成压力传感器，因其对声压敏感，可能成为窃听源头。本文提出 HVAC-EAR，通过两项关键贡献实现低分辨率、高噪声压力数据下的可理解语音重建：(i) 采用复数域统一注意力块的复数卷积变换器，将可理解语音还原的最低采样率降至0.5 kHz，超越此前仅限于关键词检测的研究；(ii) 通过重建缺失频率的幅值与相位，有效缓解瞬态空调噪声。首次在真实部署的空调系统上验证，距离达1.2米时仍可实现显著语音可懂度，引发新的隐私安全问题。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Pressure sensors are widely integrated into modern Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. As they are sensitive to acoustic pressure, they can be a source of eavesdropping. We introduce HVAC-EAR, which reconstructs intelligible speech from low-resolution, noisy pressure data with two key contributions: (i) We achieve intelligible reconstruction from as low as 0.5 kHz sampling rate, surpassing prior work limited to hot word detection, by employing a complex-valued conformer with a Complex Unifed Attention Block to capture phoneme dependencies; (ii) We mitigate transient HVAC noise by reconstructing both magnitude and phase of missing frequencies. For the first time, evaluations on real-world HVAC deployments show significant intelligibility up to 1.2 m distance, raising novel privacy concerns.
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