提出MAHALO框架,实现多目标对齐中可验证与不可验证奖励的统一优化。
Simultaneous Multi-objective Alignment Across Verifiable and Non-verifiable Rewards
- 用PRM统一训练跨可验证与不可验证场景的步级监督信号
- 通过多动作头DPO实现多目标并行对齐,减少目标间干扰
- 支持推理时按需加权,适合需要灵活控制的复杂交互任务
大语言模型对齐人类偏好本质上是多维的,但多数流程将异质信号压缩为单一目标。本文研究如何在涵盖可验证奖励、主观偏好和复杂交互场景的多目标对齐中实现同步优化。现有方法常因目标冲突导致训练效率低、推理控制弱。为此,我们提出MAHALO框架:统一跨场景的PRM训练以实现步级监督;采用多动作头DPO进行向量化多目标对齐;通过目标加权与PRM引导解码实现可控推理。在数学推理、人类价值观对齐和多轮辅导任务上的实验表明,MAHALO能同时提升多个目标,干扰小,且在不同领域具有泛化性与可调性。代码已开源:https://github.com/pearls-lab/multiobj-align。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aligning large language models to human preferences is inherently multidimensional, yet most pipelines collapse heterogeneous signals into a single objective. We seek to answer what it would take to simultaneously align a model across various domains spanning those with: verifiable rewards, non-verifiable subjective preferences, and complex interactive scenarios. Such multi-objective alignment setups are often plagued by individual objectives being at odds with each other, resulting in inefficient training and limited user control during inference. To address these issues, we propose $\textbf{M}$ulti-$\textbf{A}$ction-$\textbf{H}$ead $\textbf{AL}$ignment with PRM-guided Dec$\textbf{O}$ding ($\textbf{MAHALO}$), a unified framework that standardizes PRM training across verifiable and non-verifiable settings for step-level supervision, performs vectorized multi-objective alignment with Multi-Action-Head DPO, and enables controllable inference through objective-specific weighting and PRM-guided decoding. Experiments across math reasoning, human values alignment, and multi-turn tutoring show that MAHALO jointly improves multiple objectives simultaneously with limited interference, while remaining generalizable and adaptable across domains and offering flexible user control at inference time. Our code is available at: https://github.com/pearls-lab/multiobj-align.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。