无需训练数据,可有效去除图像中复杂的结构化噪声。
Median2Median: Zero-shot Suppression of Structured Noise in Images
- 从单张噪声图生成伪独立子图对,自适应剔除结构干扰。
- 在相关噪声下性能超越现有零样本方法,接近最优水平。
- 适合医学影像等真实场景中无标签噪声抑制,无需数据训练。
图像去噪是计算机视觉与医学成像中的基础问题。然而,现实图像常受强各向异性相关的结构化噪声干扰,现有方法难以有效去除。多数数据驱动方法依赖大规模高质量标注数据,泛化能力有限;现有零样本方法虽避免此问题,但仅适用于独立同分布(i.i.d.)噪声。为此,我们提出零样本去噪框架 Median2Median(M2M),通过方向插值与广义中值滤波,从单张噪声输入中生成伪独立的子图像对,自适应排除结构伪影影响。进一步采用随机分配策略扩大采样空间,消除系统偏差,使子图对适配 Noise2Noise 训练。在真实模拟实验中,M2M 在 i.i.d. 噪声下性能媲美当前最优零样本方法,而在相关噪声下始终显著优于现有方法。结果表明,M2M 是一种高效、无需数据的结构化噪声抑制方案,首次实现了突破严格 i.i.d. 假设的零样本去噪。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Image denoising is a fundamental problem in computer vision and medical imaging. However, real-world images are often degraded by structured noise with strong anisotropic correlations that existing methods struggle to remove. Most data-driven approaches rely on large datasets with high-quality labels and still suffer from limited generalizability, whereas existing zero-shot methods avoid this limitation but remain effective only for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise. To address this gap, we propose Median2Median (M2M), a zero-shot denoising framework designed for structured noise. M2M introduces a novel sampling strategy that generates pseudo-independent sub-image pairs from a single noisy input. This strategy leverages directional interpolation and generalized median filtering to adaptively exclude values distorted by structured artifacts. To further enlarge the effective sampling space and eliminate systematic bias, a randomized assignment strategy is employed, ensuring that the sampled sub-image pairs are suitable for Noise2Noise training. In our realistic simulation studies, M2M performs on par with state-of-the-art zero-shot methods under i.i.d. noise, while consistently outperforming them under correlated noise. These findings establish M2M as an efficient, data-free solution for structured noise suppression and mark the first step toward effective zero-shot denoising beyond the strict i.i.d. assumption.
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