arXiv:2510.01678cs.CV2025-10被引 2

用动态卷积实现高效模板匹配与姿态估计,实时工业应用更精准。

An Efficient Deep Template Matching and In-Plane Pose Estimation Method via Template-Aware Dynamic Convolution

  • 将匹配任务转为联合定位与几何回归,直接输出位置和姿态参数。
  • 307万参数模型推理仅需14毫秒,复杂变换下精度仍高。
  • 无需真实姿态标注,适合部署于小模板或多目标等真实场景。

在工业检测与组件对齐任务中,模板匹配需在复杂背景下高效估计目标的位置与几何状态(旋转角、缩放比),以支持后续精确操作。传统方法依赖角度与尺度的穷举搜索,复合变换下效率低下;多数深度学习方法仅输出相似度分数,未显式建模几何姿态,难以实际部署。为此,我们提出轻量级端到端框架,将模板匹配重构为联合定位与几何回归任务,输出中心坐标、旋转角及独立的水平与垂直缩放因子。设计了模板感知动态卷积模块(TDCM),在推理时动态注入模板特征以增强泛化能力。紧凑网络结合深度可分离卷积与像素洗牌,提升效率。为实现无几何标注训练,引入基于旋转剪切的增强策略与结构感知伪标签。轻量级精修模块通过局部优化进一步提升角度与缩放精度。实验表明,该307万参数模型在复合变换下实现高精度与14毫秒推理速度,且在小模板与多目标场景中表现稳健,极适合实时工业部署。代码已开源:https://github.com/ZhouJ6610/PoseMatch-TDCM。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In industrial inspection and component alignment tasks, template matching requires efficient estimation of a target's position and geometric state (rotation and scaling) under complex backgrounds to support precise downstream operations. Traditional methods rely on exhaustive enumeration of angles and scales, leading to low efficiency under compound transformations. Meanwhile, most deep learning-based approaches only estimate similarity scores without explicitly modeling geometric pose, making them inadequate for real-world deployment. To overcome these limitations, we propose a lightweight end-to-end framework that reformulates template matching as joint localization and geometric regression, outputting the center coordinates, rotation angle, and independent horizontal and vertical scales. A Template-Aware Dynamic Convolution Module (TDCM) dynamically injects template features at inference to guide generalizable matching. The compact network integrates depthwise separable convolutions and pixel shuffle for efficient matching. To enable geometric-annotation-free training, we introduce a rotation-shear-based augmentation strategy with structure-aware pseudo labels. A lightweight refinement module further improves angle and scale precision via local optimization. Experiments show our 3.07M model achieves high precision and 14ms inference under compound transformations. It also demonstrates strong robustness in small-template and multi-object scenarios, making it highly suitable for deployment in real-time industrial applications. The code is available at:https://github.com/ZhouJ6610/PoseMatch-TDCM.

模板匹配姿态估计工业视觉轻量化

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