用AI自动审查建筑规范,提升效率与准确性。
Automatic Building Code Review: A Case Study
- 构建智能代理框架,从BIM文件中提取几何与系统数据。
- 结合COMcheck引擎与RAG推理,实现精准合规检查。
- 适合建筑审查员、智能建造研究者参考使用。
建筑官员在资源有限或偏远地区面临设计文件审查工作量大、易出错且成本高昂的问题。随着建筑信息模型(BIM)和大语言模型(LLM)的普及,自动化建筑规范审查(ACR)成为可能。本研究提出一种基于智能代理的框架,融合BIM数据提取与检索增强生成(RAG)及模型上下文协议(MCP)代理流水线,利用LLM代理从异构文件中提取几何、时间表和系统属性,并通过两种互补机制进行规范核查:(1)直接调用美国能源部的COMcheck引擎,提供确定性且可审计的结果;(2)基于RAG对规则条文进行灵活推理,应对覆盖不全或模糊情形。案例测试涵盖几何属性自动提取(如表面积、倾斜度、保温值)、运行时间表解析,以及按ASHRAE 90.1-2022标准验证照明额度。多模型对比显示,GPT-4o在效率与稳定性上表现最优,小模型则出现不一致或失败。结果表明,MCP代理流水线在严谨性和可靠性上优于RAG推理。该研究推动了ACR的发展,展示了一种可扩展、兼容性强、适用于生产的解决方案,实现了BIM与权威规范工具的无缝对接。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Building officials, particularly those in resource-constrained or rural jurisdictions, face labor-intensive, error-prone, and costly manual reviews of design documents as projects increase in size and complexity. The growing adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Large Language Models (LLMs) presents opportunities for automated code review (ACR) solutions. This study introduces a novel agent-driven framework that integrates BIM-based data extraction with automated verification using both retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and Model Context Protocol (MCP) agent pipelines. The framework employs LLM-enabled agents to extract geometry, schedules, and system attributes from heterogeneous file types, which are then processed for building code checking through two complementary mechanisms: (1) direct API calls to the US Department of Energy COMcheck engine, providing deterministic and audit-ready outputs, and (2) RAG-based reasoning over rule provisions, enabling flexible interpretation where coverage is incomplete or ambiguous. The framework was evaluated through case demonstrations, including automated extraction of geometric attributes (such as surface area, tilt, and insulation values), parsing of operational schedules, and validation of lighting allowances under ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2022. Comparative performance tests across multiple LLMs showed that GPT-4o achieved the best balance of efficiency and stability, while smaller models exhibited inconsistencies or failures. Results confirm that MCP agent pipelines outperform RAG reasoning pipelines in rigor and reliability. This work advances ACR research by demonstrating a scalable, interoperable, and production-ready approach that bridges BIM with authoritative code review tools.
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