arXiv:2510.03544math.OCcs.AI2025-10被引 4

用Transformer快速生成多目标最优轨道交会轨迹,提升任务设计效率。

Agile Tradespace Exploration for Space Rendezvous Mission Design via Transformers

  • 基于Transformer模型并行生成多飞行时长下的近似最优轨迹
  • 在地球轨道上验证可稳定提供高质量初始解,收敛更快
  • 适合需要快速迭代的航天任务前期设计人员

航天器交会对接支持在轨服务、碎片清除和载人对接,是构建可扩展太空经济的基础。任务设计需在控制代价与飞行时间间快速探索权衡空间。然而,此类多目标优化因约束非凸而困难,设计者常需在精度(求解完整问题)与效率(采用凸松弛)间妥协,导致迭代缓慢、设计灵活性差。本文提出一种AI驱动框架,实现敏捷且通用的交会任务设计。给定目标航天器轨道信息、服务航天器边界条件及一系列飞行时间,Transformer模型可在单次并行推理中生成不同飞行时间下的近似帕累托最优轨迹,支持快速任务权衡分析。模型进一步扩展以适应可变飞行时间和受扰动的轨道动力学,实现更真实的多目标权衡。在含随机约束的地球轨道被动安全交会问题上验证表明,该模型能跨飞行时间与动力学泛化,持续提供高质量初始猜测,显著减少迭代次数即可收敛至更优解。此外,该框架高效逼近帕累托前沿,运行时间与凸松弛相当,得益于并行推理。这些结果表明,该方法可作为非凸轨迹生成的实用代理,标志着迈向人工智能驱动轨迹设计的重要一步,有望加速真实交会任务的初步规划。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Spacecraft rendezvous enables on-orbit servicing, debris removal, and crewed docking, forming the foundation for a scalable space economy. Designing such missions requires rapid exploration of the tradespace between control cost and flight time across multiple candidate targets. However, multi-objective optimization in this setting is challenging, as the underlying constraints are often nonconvex, and mission designers must balance accuracy (e.g., solving the full problem) with efficiency (e.g., convex relaxations), slowing iteration and limiting design agility. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an AI-powered framework that enables agile and generalized rendezvous mission design. Given the orbital information of the target spacecraft, boundary conditions of the servicer, and a range of flight times, a transformer model generates a set of near-Pareto optimal trajectories across varying flight times in a single parallelized inference step, thereby enabling rapid mission trade studies. The model is further extended to accommodate variable flight times and perturbed orbital dynamics, supporting realistic multi-objective trade-offs. Validation on chance-constrained rendezvous problems in Earth orbits with passive safety constraints demonstrates that the model generalizes across both flight times and dynamics, consistently providing high-quality initial guesses that converge to superior solutions in fewer iterations. Moreover, the framework efficiently approximates the Pareto front, achieving runtimes comparable to convex relaxation by exploiting parallelized inference. Together, these results position the proposed framework as a practical surrogate for nonconvex trajectory generation and mark an important step toward AI-driven trajectory design for accelerating preliminary mission planning in real-world rendezvous applications.

轨道设计Transformer智能优化航天任务

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