arXiv:2510.03576cs.LGstat.ML2025-10被引 1

用径向基函数和进化框架精准满足边界条件,提升神经网络解偏微分方程的精度。

BEKAN: Boundary condition-guaranteed evolutionary Kolmogorov-Arnold networks with radial basis functions for solving PDE problems

  • 通过高斯RBF构建全局基函数,在激活层编码边界信息。
  • 周期问题用正弦层精确满足边界,非齐次诺伊曼问题用最小二乘引导参数演化。
  • 在各类边界条件下均优于MLP与B样条KAN,适合科学计算与工程仿真场景。

深度学习在求解偏微分方程(PDE)中受到关注,但神经网络的黑箱特性导致难以精确施加边界条件。为此,我们提出一种边界条件保障的进化型柯尔莫戈洛夫-阿诺德网络(BEKAN),结合径向基函数(RBF)。BEKAN提出三种可组合的方法:对狄利克雷问题,使用平滑全局的高斯RBF构造一维基函数,并在激活层嵌入边界信息;对周期问题,采用由正弦函数构成的周期层精确强制边界条件;对诺伊曼问题,设计最小二乘公式引导参数演化以满足条件。借助嵌入式RBF、周期层与进化框架,可在严格满足边界条件下实现高精度的PDE模拟。我们在狄利克雷、诺伊曼、周期及混合边界值问题上进行了大量数值实验,结果表明,BEKAN在精度上优于多层感知机(MLP)与B样条KAN。该方法显著增强了KAN在求解复杂边界问题中的能力,推动科学计算与工程应用的发展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep learning has gained attention for solving PDEs, but the black-box nature of neural networks hinders precise enforcement of boundary conditions. To address this, we propose a boundary condition-guaranteed evolutionary Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) with radial basis functions (BEKAN). In BEKAN, we propose three distinct and combinable approaches for incorporating Dirichlet, periodic, and Neumann boundary conditions into the network. For Dirichlet problem, we use smooth and global Gaussian RBFs to construct univariate basis functions for approximating the solution and to encode boundary information at the activation level of the network. To handle periodic problems, we employ a periodic layer constructed from a set of sinusoidal functions to enforce the boundary conditions exactly. For a Neumann problem, we devise a least-squares formulation to guide the parameter evolution toward satisfying the Neumann condition. By virtue of the boundary-embedded RBFs, the periodic layer, and the evolutionary framework, we can perform accurate PDE simulations while rigorously enforcing boundary conditions. For demonstration, we conducted extensive numerical experiments on Dirichlet, Neumann, periodic, and mixed boundary value problems. The results indicate that BEKAN outperforms both multilayer perceptron (MLP) and B-splines KAN in terms of accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed approach enhances the capability of KANs in solving PDE problems while satisfying boundary conditions, thereby facilitating advancements in scientific computing and engineering applications.

偏微分方程神经网络边界条件RBF

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