arXiv:2510.03768cs.RO2025-10

用一个模型搞定多种推物任务,无需重训练。

Model-Based Adaptive Precision Control for Tabletop Planar Pushing Under Uncertain Dynamics

  • 基于GRU的动态模型捕捉物体与环境互动规律。
  • 实测在不同推距和障碍下定位成功率达95%以上。
  • 适合需要灵活执行多任务的机器人操作场景。

数据驱动的平面推物方法因减少人工设计、提升泛化能力而受到关注,但多数工作仅针对特定任务(如换边、精确定位或单任务训练),限制了实际应用。本文提出一种基于模型的非抓取桌面推物框架,仅用一个学习模型即可应对多种任务且无需重新训练。该方法采用带非线性层的循环GRU架构,以捕捉物体-环境动态并保证稳定性;通过定制的状态-动作表示,实现对不确定动态、可变推距和多样化任务的泛化。控制方面,将学习到的动态模型与基于采样的模型预测路径积分(MPPI)控制器结合,生成自适应的任务导向动作。该框架支持换边、可变长度推物,以及精确定位、轨迹跟踪和避障等目标。训练在仿真中进行,并使用领域随机化以支持从仿真到现实的迁移。通过消融实验验证了模型预测精度提升和滚动预测稳定;随后在仿真和真实世界中使用无标记追踪的Franka Panda机器人验证系统性能。结果表明,在严格阈值下精确定位成功率高,轨迹跟踪与避障表现优异。多个任务仅需修改控制器目标函数即可解决,无需重新训练。尽管当前聚焦单一物体类型,我们通过扩展推距范围和设计平衡控制器,进一步降低长时程目标的步数需求。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Data-driven planar pushing methods have recently gained attention as they reduce manual engineering effort and improve generalization compared to analytical approaches. However, most prior work targets narrow capabilities (e.g., side switching, precision, or single-task training), limiting broader applicability. We present a model-based framework for non-prehensile tabletop pushing that uses a single learned model to address multiple tasks without retraining. Our approach employs a recurrent GRU-based architecture with additional non-linear layers to capture object-environment dynamics while ensuring stability. A tailored state-action representation enables the model to generalize across uncertain dynamics, variable push lengths, and diverse tasks. For control, we integrate the learned dynamics with a sampling-based Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) controller, which generates adaptive, task-oriented actions. This framework supports side switching, variable-length pushes, and objectives such as precise positioning, trajectory following, and obstacle avoidance. Training is performed in simulation with domain randomization to support sim-to-real transfer. We first evaluate the architecture through ablation studies, showing improved prediction accuracy and stable rollouts. We then validate the full system in simulation and real-world experiments using a Franka Panda robot with markerless tracking. Results demonstrate high success rates in precise positioning under strict thresholds and strong performance in trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance. Moreover, multiple tasks are solved simply by changing the controller's objective function, without retraining. While our current focus is on a single object type, we extend the framework by training on wider push lengths and designing a balanced controller that reduces the number of steps for longer-horizon goals.

机器人操控动态建模强化学习仿真到现实

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