无需训练即可让扩散模型生成罕见文本对应的图像。
Rare Text Semantics Were Always There in Your Diffusion Transformer
- 通过放大文本嵌入的方差,激活模型中隐藏的稀有语义。
- 在文生图、文生视频和图像编辑任务中均有效提升罕见概念生成能力。
- 仅修改注意力机制,不依赖外部模型或额外数据,通用性强。
从基于流和扩散的Transformer出发,多模态扩散Transformer(MM-DiTs)重塑了文本到视觉的生成任务,因其卓越的视觉保真度而广受赞誉。随着模型演进,用户不断尝试富有想象力或罕见的提示词,但先进模型仍难以生成这些概念,因为其语义在预训练阶段过于稀疏,未能留下显著印记。本文提出一种简单而有效的干预方法,在不增加训练步骤、数据、去噪时间优化或依赖外部模块(如大语言模型)的前提下,揭示了MM-DiTs内部隐藏的稀有语义。具体而言,MM-DiT固有的联合注意力机制在各Transformer块中同步更新文本与图像嵌入。我们发现,通过在联合注意力块前数学扩展文本标记嵌入的表示空间(即方差扩大),稀有语义在输出中明显浮现。此外,该方法在文本到视觉生成任务中表现出良好泛化性,涵盖文生图、文生视频及图像编辑。本工作促使生成模型释放用户意图中原本隐藏却已准备就绪的语义。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Starting from flow- and diffusion-based transformers, Multi-modal Diffusion Transformers (MM-DiTs) have reshaped text-to-vision generation, gaining acclaim for exceptional visual fidelity. As these models advance, users continually push the boundary with imaginative or rare prompts, which advanced models still falter in generating, since their concepts are often too scarce to leave a strong imprint during pre-training. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective intervention that surfaces rare semantics inside MM-DiTs without additional training steps, data, denoising-time optimization, or reliance on external modules (e.g., large language models). In particular, the joint-attention mechanism intrinsic to MM-DiT sequentially updates text embeddings alongside image embeddings throughout transformer blocks. We find that by mathematically expanding representational basins around text token embeddings via variance scale-up before the joint-attention blocks, rare semantics clearly emerge in MM-DiT's outputs. Furthermore, our results generalize effectively across text-to-vision tasks, including text-to-image, text-to-video, and text-driven image editing. Our work invites generative models to reveal the semantics that users intend, once hidden yet ready to surface.
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